1. What Does It Take To Be An Effective Business Model in Conservation? 1 CITES 16 th Conference of Parties Bangkok, Thailand March 12, 2013 Keshav Varma Program Director, Global Tiger Initiative

2. Range Collapse Represents the Asian Biodiversity Crisis. Population – from 100,000 in 1900s to 3,200 today. Habitat – now 7% of historic. Declined by 40% over the past decade. The Tiger Crisis A Complex Challenge

3. The Tiger Crisis The Bottom Line (s) 3

4. Little or no recovery since 1969  Complex problems: Habitat loss, rampant poaching, trafficking, trade  Urbanization: $800 billion/yr. in infrastructure investment  Under-resourced and poorly equipped The Tiger Crisis Large-scale Problems 4

5. The Tiger Crisis A Human Crisis 5

6. The Tiger Crisis Development Priorities Rarely Account for the Value of Ecosystems  Conserving biodiversity  Human Capital  Carbon storage and sequestration  Watershed protection  Natural hazard regulation  Food security & agriculture  Recreation and tourism  Cultural services 6 Diagram shows contribution of various ecosystem services to the Net Present Value of the Leuser Ecosystem, Sumatra, Indonesia.

7. GTI – Global Alliance and New Model for Biodiversity Conservation 13 Tiger Range Countries + International Partners Working together for a common agenda, and a shared goal. The Global Tiger Initiative 7

8. The Global Tiger Initiative Our Value Proposition GTI aims to create collective impact across 13 tiger range countries -to achieve T x 2, by 2022 Create collaboration among stakeholders for the recovery of wild tigers across the range. Connect policy makers and practitioners globally and locally. Spark innovation for lasting solutions to stop fragmentation, loss of habitat, poaching and illegal trade. 8

9. Tiger Summit St. Petersburg, Russia November 2010  5 Prime Ministers, 13 ministers, heads of int’l organizations  Co-hosted by Russia’s Prime Minister Putin and World Bank President Zoellick  St. Petersburg Declaration  Global Tiger Recovery Program (GTRP) As the history of the tiger shows, while engaging in development, we must focus on more than just economic activity; we must also focus on such things as nature conservation. - Vladimir Putin The Global Tiger Initiative A Powerful Coalition for Change 9

10. Strategy for Change The World is Changing Before GTI: The Status Quo  Little or no political will  Limited private sector engagement  No common agenda  Environment sector considered by many anti-growth and low priority  Weak capacity for management of protected areas, little monitoring.  Lack of transparency and accountability  Poor communication and coordination among IFIs, BINGOs, limited regional coordination After GTI : Doing Conservation Differently  Collaboration Coalition of political leaders from TRCs emerges.  Learning Knowledge hubs shift to Middle Income Countries. Peer exchange accelerates learning.  Innovation Rapid growth of information technology, Regional Networks, Role of private sector. 10

11. GTI Strategy for Change How this works GTI Catalyzes Change for Conservation Results -- through Broad-based Collaboration, Practitioner Learning, and Innovation Innovative Solutions - Incubate innovation Practitioner Learning - Connect local to global knowledge Broad-based Collaboration - Focus on getting things done 11 GTI Creating Space for Lasting Change

12. St. Petersburg Declaration Parties strive to double the number of wild tigers across their range by 2022, by  Managing, preserving, protecting, and enhancing tiger habitats  Eradicating poaching and illegal trade in tigers and tiger parts  Engaging local communities in conservation  Increasing habitat management effectiveness – capacity building  Developing sustainable financing GTI Strategy for Change Broad-based Collaboration: High-level Political Will 12

13. GTI Strategy for Change Broad-based Collaboration: A Common Agenda The Global Tiger Recovery Program (GTRP)  One comprehensive strategy converts political will into action  Country-led by 13 TRCs, based on National Tiger Recovery Priorities.  Global Support Programs detail plans for capacity building and knowledge exchange, e.g. combating wildlife crime, scientific monitoring.  Portfolio of 70 country-led initiatives. 13

14. Global Tiger Recovery Program  Provide training, equipment, technology, and resources to front line teams for protection.  Create inviolate core breeding areas and maintain the landscapes in which they are found.  Turn up the heat on poachers and traffickers through interdictions at hot spots. It is absolutely vital that impacts from St. Petersburg and the Global Tiger Recovery Program are felt on the front lines of conservation. Park rangers and forest guards need our help. - Robert Zoellick GTI Strategy for Change Broad-based Collaboration: Action on the Ground 14

15. GTI Strategy for Change Practitioner Learning Since 2008 Implementing Smart Patrol and Collective Leadership in Thailand & Nepal Cross Sector Executive Leadership Forums in Washington & Kuala Lumpur 15 Since 2008, more than 800 senior executives and park managers received training on law enforcement, leadership, and how to bring conservation into development priorities.

16. GTI Strategy for Change Practitioner Learning- Looking Ahead Core Learning Program for Advancing Tiger Conservation in 2013 Global Leadership for Conservation Results in 2013  Intensive Leadership Development combined with frontier themes, e.g. National Parks as Engines of Growth; Engaging Business as Part of the Solution; Science, Technology and Innovation for Conservation.  A Global Leadership Consortium for Results in Conservation. 16  Managing tiger landscapes  Habitat management  Science-based tiger & prey monitoring  Smart intelligence-led patrolling  Human-tiger conflict management  Community engagement  Smart green infrastructure planning  Tracking management effectiveness though MID  Management and leadership

17.  World Bank/GTI introduced an integrated approach to “tiger- friendly” Smart Green Infrastructure  Government of Malaysia has adopted principles of SGI in its Master Plan for the Central Forest Spine, an important tiger habitat  Mitigation Approach: Avoidance, Minimization, Rehabilitation/ Restoration, Offsets Smart Green Infrastructure (SGI) GTI Strategy for Change Innovative Solutions 17

18. GTI Strategy for Change Innovative Solutions “Illegal animal trafficking is the 3 rd largest illegal business in the world, followed by drugs and weapons trade.”  A US$20 bn international business that has almost doubled in the last 15 years. 18 Source: J. Izzo, William and Mary Environmental Law Journal International Consortium for Combating Wildlife Crime (ICCWC)

19. GTI Strategy for Change Innovative Solutions  A platform for closer collaboration between business and policy makers for biodiversity conservation  Launched in June 2012 by the Confederation of Indian Industry (40,000 corporate members) and World Bank Group (including IFC) through the GTI effort  Interest to develop similar platforms through CEO rountables in Singapore, South Korea, other business hubs 19 Indian Wildlife Business Council (IWBC)  Objectives – Identify mechanisms for collaboration – Expand access to technical, managerial, and planning skills found in the private sector. – Create more sustainable business practices – Create livelihood opportunities and jobs for communities – Build on principles of CSR and shared prosperity.

20. Strategy for Change Innovative Solutions “An Eye in the Sky” Open Landscape Partnership Platform  Launched by ScanEx, GTI, World Resources Institute, Open Street Map, and other partners  Strengthens citizens’ voice for social and environmental accountability through crowd-mapping and open data tools.  Builds capacity of local universities and land management organizations, e.g. protected areas, municipalities, forest complexes. Open Parks Network  Launched by Clemson University with US National Park Service and GTI  Global communication backbone & cyber infrastructure for parks and protected area management  Open data initiative  Captures and disseminates the best available science  Knowledge sharing platform for climate change, species loss, ecosystem change for the health and quality of life for people and the environment. 20

21.  Wildlife Premium Market Mechanism + REDD  Knowledge Sharing Platforms  GlobalTigerInitiative.org – website and blog  WildTigers list-serv  OpenParksNetwork.org GTI is a Connector and Catalyst for Innovative Solutions GTI Strategy for Change Innovative Solutions 21

22. Wild Tigers recovery across the TRCs is supported by a plan for collaboration (GTRP) Law Enforcement System Scientific Community International Donor System Civil Society System Governmental System Justice SystemBusiness Sector Common Agenda Shared Measurement Mutually Reinforcing Activities Continuous Communications Backbone Secretariat What Does it Take to be an Effective Business Model in Conservation? Collective Impact GTI as a business model is not about saving a single species. It is about moving from isolated interventions to collective impact to address the common agenda articulated in the GTRP. - John Seidensticker, Smithsonian Institution 22

23. What Does it Take ? Essentials for Collective Impact How GTI Meets Them Common Agenda Partners agree on shared goals and vision. T x 2 goal of St. Petersburg Declaration GTRP – Consensus, road map Shared Measurement Partners keeps track of the same things A common set of indicators Common systems of monitoring and reporting. Mutually Reinforced Activity Partners contribute key functions to the best of their capabilities (GTRP, mutual accountability frameworks) Impact does not come from numbers alone, but from the coordination of partners contributing the activities and functions that they do best, toward shared goals, and a common agenda. Continuous Communication Secretariat monitors and regularly shares results Regular results reports build trust and a common vocabulary. Regular meetings to learn and solve problems together. Backbone Secretariat Keeps goal in sight, and keeps the process moving, to report results and mobilize resources. Separate dedicated staff to plan, manage, and support. 23

24. What Does it Take? Results Summary Political Will and Authority for Action  Cabinets of 8 TRCs adopted St Petersburg Declaration, GTRP  10 new national laws or regulations affecting tiger conservation, ratified or amended  1 TRC launched a new ministry and a regional training center  4 new tiger reserves created  10 new high level inter-agency commissions / centers  3 TRCs initiated tiger recovery and restoration plans TRC-led Platform for Collaboration and Learning  8 MOUs between the TRCs, 1 MOU with Ministry of Defense  800 senior executives and park managers trained Resources Mobilized  GTI helped mobilize over 60% or $214m of incremental funding needed for GTRP implementation in the first 5 years 24

25. What Does it Take? Results Summary A New Way of Doing Business Country-led initial stocktaking and first Implementation Report New Delhi, India, May 2012 TRC Ministers endorse the Thimphu Action Agenda Thimphu, Bhutan, October 2012 Country-led Implementation Plan and Indicators Bangkok, Thailand, March 2013 Coordinated monitoring, results reporting, continuous communication Open Collaboration Mutual Accountability 25

26. What Does it Take? Resources Mobilized for the GTRP But a gap of almost US$150 m yet to be raised… GTRP Resourcing Status, March 2013 US$214 m (over 60%) is lined up 26

27. Country GEF and IDA Pipeline Resources Bangladesh Cabinet approved the Declaration; New Wildlife (Conservation) Act; Wildlife Victim Compensation Policy; New 5 wildlife crime control units; MOU with India IDA - $36M Bhutan Cabinet approved the Declaration; New independent Forest Protection and Surveillance Unit; New intelligence network to monitor wildlife crime; Community-based livestock insurance & Endowment Fund; System of Strict National Environmental Impact Assessment IDA - $2.25M Cambodia First National Tiger Action Plan under endorsement; Updated Wildlife Law submitted for approval; Agreed on a scientific tiger census (their existence a matter of concern). GEF - $5.2M China The State Council acknowledged the GTRP; Wild tiger conservation actions are included in the 12th five-year plan; Created new Inter-governmental commission for stronger patrolling efforts; Large-scale patrolling and snare removal GEF - $3M India Special Tiger Protection Forces authorized in 17 reserves; Scientific monitoring that led to identification of wildlife corridors; $20m allocated for relocation of villages from 8 tiger reserves; New tiger reserves created; MOUs with Myanmar, Russia and Nepal. IDA - $28M GEF – $20.5M Indonesia Suspension of new forest concession permits; Presidential regulation adopted on spatial planning of Sumatra island to accommodate tiger habitats; High level Inter-agency command team established to deal with wildlife traders. GEF - $11.8M Lao PDR PM approved; Developed a law to confiscate wildlife products traded in Vientiane; Increased transnational cooperation with Vietnam on anti-poaching and intensive patrolling; Planned a scientific tiger census. IDA - $9M, GEF - $8.3M Malaysia New Wildlife Conservation Act 2010 enforced; Leading country on land use planning; National Physical Plan for the Central Forest Spine taking into consideration tiger habitats; identified areas for transboundary collaboration with Thailand. GEF - $10.9M Myanmar Cabinet approved the Declaration; Revised Criminal Procedure Code and Environmental Law; Create inviolate areas in Hukaung Tiger Reserve, combined with awareness building among communities; establishing Tiger Protection Units tbd Nepal PM approved; South Asia WEN Secretariat launched in Kathmandu; Wildlife Crime Control and Coordination Committee; Wildlife Crime Control Bureau; Initiated revision of the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act; preparation of the CITES bill for Parliament approval; Expanded Protected Areas for tiger conservation; Habitat restoration and afforestation. IDA - $3M Russia Prohibition on logging of Korean pine (a critical food source for tiger prey); Ban on all logging in regional protected areas; Amendments to Criminal and Administrative Codes, federal Law “On Fauna”; Strengthened anti-poaching units; MOU with China. GEF - $25M Thailand Cabinet approved the Declaration. A new Wildlife Crime Center; New 2 Wildlife Crime Units; Regional Training Center launched for training front-line staff in smart patrolling; MOU with Ministry of Defense on protection of natural resources. GEF - $7.4M, BioCF - $1M VietnamCabinet approved the Declaration, provided full support for GTRP implementation; Endangered Species Decree under approval; Tiger landscape surveyed in 5 priority areas; MOUs with Lao PDR and Cambodia. IDA - $18M, GEF - $4.9M What Does it Take? Resource Mobilization for the GTRP 27

28. 2nd Asian Ministerial Meeting Thimphu, Bhutan 13 Tiger Range Countries reaffirmed their commitment to global action through implementing the GTRP. Thimphu Action Agenda, October 2012 Strengthen Front Line Teams Diligently Conserve Tiger Habitat Engage Communities in Conservation Enhance and Mainstream Collaboration among TRCs Launch Sustainable Recovery Programs Accelerate the flow of funds for action on the ground Partner with Business and Industry Raise Awareness Develop National Action Plans. What Does it Take? Sustained Political Will and Champions 28

29. Lessons from the GTI  High-level political will and champions are essential and require sustained effort.  But, individual efforts are not enough to solve the Tiger Crisis, this takes collective impact.  Real and lasting change requires a country-driven agenda, one that links implementers on the ground with the high-level authority they need to get things done.  Regular and coordinated reporting has helped raise the profile of the challenges and priorities of TRCs and it has built capabilities in the process.  GTI created a community of practice among the TRCs, especially among the Focal Points and Government Officials who have remained actively engaged.  A Secretariat is essential as it can magnify the impact of partners’ existing investments through coordination, measurement, and continuous communication and thereby accelerate the impact of large- scale change.  Funding collective engagement around a common agenda like the GTRP, helped GTI move beyond the isolated impact of individual organizations.  Until this is fully appreciated, mobilizing external resources may take time. 29

30. New Directions Next Three Years  Mobilize additional resources  Expand the role of Wildlife Business Councils in conservation in India and at least two other countries.  Replicate GTI’s business model to broaden collective engagement and results across all snow leopard range countries, and in Africa.  Roll out Leadership for Conservation Results Program linked with centers of excellence and practitioner networks in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Europe and Central Asia, and Africa. 30

31. New Directions Next Three Years  Build a Consortium for Global Leadership for Conservation Results with knowledge centers in Africa, Europe and Central Asia, North America, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.  Scale up the impact of South-South learning and knowledge exchange through the dissemination of the GTI Core Learning Programs, and face-to-face and e-learning engagement.  Build the capacity and utility of the Open Parks Network to meet the needs of wildlife and biodiversity practitioners, parks and protected area professionals around the world.  Pilot the Open Landscape Partnership Platform with ScanEx and others to strengthen citizen voice and accountability for wildlife and biodiversity conservation. 31

32. New Directions Applying Our Approach to Other Flagship Species Initiative of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic to convene a heads-of-state forum on Snow Leopard Conservaton Bishkek, Fall 2013 12 range countries 32 Linked to the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit Supported by the GTI and partners

33. New Directions Applying Our Approach to Other Flagship Species Arabian Leopard – interest for high-level regional collaboration between Yemen, Oman and other range states President of the African Development Bank interested in applying lessons from the GTI to boosting regional efforts to conserve African elephants, rhinos, and Great Apes 33

34. GTI: Mainstreaming Conservation into Development

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