1. ASSIGNMENT ON RADIOLOGICAL PATHOLOGY OF ABDOMEN (GI SYSTEM)

2. RADIOLOGICAL ANATOMY OF ABDOMEN

3. MEGAESOPHAGUS Develop cranial to a mechanical obstruction Causes: Metabolic diseases (hypothyroidism) Immunological diseases (myaesthenia gravis) Exposure to certain drugs As an idiopathic disorder

4. megaesophagus

5. Gastric dilatation and volvulus Related to several pathophysiological effects occuring secondary to gastric distension & malpositioning. Iniated by gastric accumulation of gas,fluid or both Bacterial fermentation  gas production Fluid  ingesta, gastric secretions, venous exudate Progressive dilatation  gastric volvulus Most common rotation is clockwise The classic pattern below is often called the “double bubble,” “shelf sign,” “Popeye stomach,”

6. classic compartmentalization of the stomach associated with gastric dilatation and volvulus.

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8. Gastric foreign bodies Most characteristic sign is intermittent vomiting Radiopaque foreign bodies  plain film Radiolucent bodies  contrast radiograph(air,CO2) Gas & debris accumulates around them &help to identify.

10. Barium coated foreign body

11. Benign gastric ulcer with radiating folds.

12. Ulcerated neoplasm in pylorus Characteristic signs are melena & hematemesis Microcytic hypochromic anaemia Ulcer craters are detected as outpouchings from the lumen containing contrast material.

14. Foreign body in Small intestine Common site of obstruction  distal duodenum & proximal jejunum Signs : vomitin,anorexia, decrease defecation, blood tinged stools Radiographic finding :classical sign is the presence of multiple loops of gas dilated small intestine.

16. Intussusception Produced by a vigorous contraction. Occurs most frequently in younger animals at ileocecal junction. Vomiting, abdominal pain, bloody stools Best identified by a barium meal

18. Idiopathic Megacolon Acquired disease in which no organic lesion found Characterised by recurrent & progressive episodes of constipation. Abdominal palpation reveals a distended colon.

20. Hepatomegaly Signs : Rounding & blunting of caudoventral liver margins along with extension beyond costal arch Displacement of gastric axis. Visualisation of focal hepatomegaly depends on degree of enlargement & liver lobe affected.

22. This liver is pushing the stomach (S) towards the rear, an indication of hepatomegaly

23. Cholelithiasis Causes : Bile stasis Inflammation Changes in bile composition Icterus most commonly encountered when stones obstruct the bile duct. Not radiodence  identifiable by ultrasonograhy

25. Pancreatitis Radiographic signs : Increased soft tissue opacity Decrease in serosal detail Displacement of adjacent intestinal structures Gas distended descending duodenum

27. Reference Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology -Donald E.Thrall Textbook of small animal surgery -Douglas Slatter www.evolve.elsevier.com