1. Kitty-corner vs. Catty-Corner

3. 18th CENTURY VIRGINIA Settlement expansion

4. 18th CENTURY VIRGINIA Settlement expansion Shenandoah Valley

5. PENNSYLVANIA Ethnicity

6. PENNSYLVANIA Ethnicity

7. 18th CENTURY VIRGINIA Settlement expansion Shenandoah Valley

8. 18th CENTURY VIRGINIA Settlement expansion Shenandoah Valley Midlands influence Log structures

9. 18th CENTURY VIRGINIA Settlement expansion Shenandoah Valley Germans Forebay barn

10. 18th CENTURY VIRGINIA Settlement expansion Shenandoah Valley Germans Covered bridges

11. 18th CENTURY VIRGINIA Settlement expansion Shenandoah Valley Scotch-Irish

12. 18th CENTURY VIRGINIA Settlement expansion Shenandoah Valley Scotch-Irish

13. 18th CENTURY VIRGINIA Settlement expansion Shenandoah Valley Scotch-Irish Log structures

14. 18th CENTURY VIRGINIA Settlement expansion Shenandoah Valley Scotch-Irish Long Hunters

15. 18th CENTURY VIRGINIA Settlement expansion Shenandoah Valley Scotch-Irish Wilderness Road

16. 18th CENTURY VIRGINIA Settlement expansion Shenandoah Valley Scotch-Irish Celtic Thesis

17. 19th CENTURY VIRGINIA Civil War Secession of West Virginia

18. 19th CENTURY VIRGINIA Civil War Secession of West Virginia

19. 19th CENTURY VIRGINIA Civil War Secession of West Virginia April 4, 1861 Secession Vote - unsuccessful

20. 19th CENTURY VIRGINIA Civil War Secession of West Virginia April 12, 1861 Firing on Fort Sumter April 15, 1861 Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers

21. 19th CENTURY VIRGINIA Civil War Secession of West Virginia

22. 19th CENTURY VIRGINIA Civil War Secession of West Virginia Union invasion of Alexandria May 24, 1861 First casualties Orange & Alexandria RR roundhouse Alexandria slave market Marshall House

23. Not completely cleared of Confederate forces until October 1864 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 19th CENTURY VIRGINIA Civil War Secession of West Virginia Statehood Referendum October 24, 1861