1. Let’s review….

2.  A work of fiction, written in narrative prose.  “Short” because they are designed to be read in one sitting; unlike a novella or novel which require more time to read.  Focuses on one main conflict – if it has a sub conflict (or sub plot) it is developed to help drive the main conflict.  Uses many literary techniques (similar to those of the novel): metaphor, irony, symbols, characterization, point of view, tone.

3.  Short stories contain the traditional elements of dramatic structure :  Exposition (the introduction of setting, situation and main characters)  Complication (the event that introduces the conflict)  Rising action (the events that lead up to the crisis, and ultimately, the climax)  Crisis (the decisive moment for the protagonist and his commitment to a course of action)  Climax (the point of highest interest in terms of the conflict and the point with the most action)  Resolution/Denouement (the point when the conflict is resolved)  Endings of many short stories are abrupt and open, and may or may not have a moral or practical lesson.  As with any art form, the exact characteristics of a short story will vary by author.  Short stories tend to be less complex than novels. Usually a short story focuses on one incident; has a single plot, a single setting, and a small number of characters; covering a short period of time.

4.  Create realistic, meaningful characters. Know your character inside and out, and use that intimate knowledge to help build your story.  Have a conflict that others can relate to. Write a story about an issue that interests you. Build your plot around your main character coming to terms with, and then addressing, that issue.  Use literary techniques and language that would appeal to a wide audience.  Write dialogue that shows your character’s actions, and reveals their thoughts and feelings.  Use minor characters with purpose. If they don’t serve a purpose relating to the plot; don’t use them. Detail is important, but only if it relates directly to your plot and characters.  Be open to suggestion from peers and sincere in your revisions. Be prepared to write more than one version of your story.

5.  Originally fables and parables were used to teach children and the illiterate important moral messages.  In the Oral Tradition, stories were used to transmit information about one’s culture between generations.  Modern short stories serve as a critique on social and cultural issues and to help us understand the “human condition” – in other words, why people do what they do in their quest to find fulfillment in life.  Modern short stories are written to try and address problems that everyday people face. Sometimes they critique traditions, patterns and habits that society has that are ethically or morally questionable.  The reason we read them in school is to help us gain a better understanding of modern society, what the “issues” might be with our society, and therefore, what our role in society is.

6. Powerful stories have the following:  Great characters – ones that could be real to you and me  A meaningful conflict or issue that is relevant to people today  A critique of how people have addressed or not addressed that particular issue  A story that makes you think about it while your reading it, and leaves you with questions or insights after you’re done reading it.