1. Pronoun-Antecedent We already know that a pronoun is a word that modifies or replaces a noun: he, she, it, her, him, ours, you, they, which In a sentence, when the noun that pronoun is replacing is present, we call it the antecedent : Jack and his sister: Jack = noun his = pronoun for Jack thus, Jack is the antecedent of his

2. Pronoun-Antecedent Like subjects and verbs, pronouns and antecedents agree in number: Singular antecedents = singular pronouns Plural antecedents = plural pronouns Pronouns and antecedents also follow gender: Masculine antecedents = masculine pronouns Feminine antecedents = feminine pronouns Neutral antecedents = neutral pronouns

3. Pronoun-Antecedent Examples: Martha has done more than her share. The campers took their food with them. Neither of the rooms has its furnishings yet. The others are invited if they pay for themselves.

4. Pronoun-Antecedent A couple rules… Tricky exceptions--- some antecedents that appear plural have singular pronouns: Antecedents: each, either, neither, one, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody Pronouns: he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its EX:Nobody is so perfect that he can criticize others. One of my sisters is president of her class.

5. Pronoun-Antecedent When two singular antecedents are joined by and, the phrase becomes plural and is followed by a plural pronoun If Sue and Francesca call, tell them that I have left. Jay, Kay, and May have donated their time to the project.

6. Pronoun-Antecedent When two singular antecedents are joined by or or nor, the phrase remains singular and is followed by a singular pronoun Either Rinaldo or Bill will always do his best work under pressure. Neither Sharon nor Carla thinks she is ready for the test.

7. Pronoun-Antecedent Numbers: the number of the pronoun is determined by the number of the antecedent A letter of welcome is sent to everyone who moves into the neighborhood.  everyone = singular antecedent  who = pronoun  moves = singular verb It is the most coveted of all the awards that are given each year.  awards = plural antecedent  that = pronoun  are = plural linking verb

8. Pronoun-Antecedent On your own, do ALL of the exercises on page 101: 1. his or her 2. its 3. their 4. him or her 5. their 6. his or her 7. her 8. his 9. his 10. his

9. REVIEW Now, complete the exercises on p. 59 and 58 (pg. 7 & 8) in your practice packet. Exercises p. 59 1. their 2. its 3. him 4. her 5. them 6. she 7. his or her 8. his 9. its 10. they 11. her 12. their 13. their 14. them 15. her 16. it

10. REVIEW Exercises p. 58 1. his or her 2. its 3. their 4. his 5. her 6. their 7. her 8. their 9. them 10. it 11. them 12. it 13. him 14. we 15. they 16. their 17. her 18. her 19. their 20. their

11. REVIEW With a partner, do ALL of the exercises on pages 101-102 of the big packet. Revise all incorrect sentences: 1.Do you know what the differences between human beings and animals are? 2.One of the differences is that human beings can reason. 3.(+) You may ask: Don’t dogs and monkeys have the ability to think? 4.Yes, but an animal’s thinking and human understanding, although they seem identical, are not really the same thing. 5. (+) When human beings use their minds to reason, they are using their minds in a very complicated manner.

12. REVIEW 6.Sometimes it seems that there are reasoning processes going on in the minds of particularly smart monkeys and dogs, but they are not really using intelligent understanding. 7.People have the capacity to adapt themselves to their surroundings. 8.This ability to change their surroundings and adapt to them also distinguishes human beings from animals. 9.The abilities to cultivate plants, tame animals, and draw energy from wind and water further distinguish human beings from animals. 10.(+) Classified by Linnacus in 1735 as Homo sapiens, which means “man the wise,” humanity is thus differentiated from the animals by the ability to understand, or be wise.

13. REVIEW To practice for tomorrow’s test, finish the exercises in both packets. Any questions? Bring them to class tomorrow!