1. Health Care Services & Hospitalization October 23, 2007

2. Health Care Providers Specialized Practitioners Physicians Nurses Dieticians Respiratory therapists Physical therapists Pharmacists Social workers Dentists

3. Name the physician… Cardiologist Endocrinologist Pediatrician Otolaryngologist Hematologist Gastroenterologist Anesthesiologist Opthalmologist Orthopedist Oncologist Immunologist Neurologist Psychiatrist Nephrologist

4. Health Care Services Office-based treatment Treatment by a specialist Inpatient treatment Hospital Rehabilitation facility

5. Recent Trend in Services Decreasing hospital stays, while increasing outpatient & home health care use Advantages Is less expensive Prefer home Can attend school Disadvantages Complex care without close supervision Potentially stressful for caregiver

6. Aspects of Hospitalization Multiple health care providers Medical-centered practices Disrupted lifestyle Unfamiliar environment

7. Hospitalization in the Early Years of Childhood Short-term separation from parents Distress Prolonged separation from parents Protest Despair Misconceptions about health problems Anxious behavior at home after discharge

8. Hospitalized School-Age Children Misconceptions still can exist Four aspects difficult for older children: Feelings of control Worry Being away from peers Privacy

9. Helping Children Cope with Being Hospitalized Give information to them Explain the reason for the stay Describe what it will be like Use words the child understands Allow the child opportunities to ask questions

10. Helping Children Cope with Being Hospitalized Take the child to the hospital and explain some of the routines State when the parents will be with the child Maintain a calm and confident manner

11. How Hospitals Help Children Cope Pediatric workers have special training Child-oriented atmosphere & activities Explain & demonstrate procedures

12. How Hospitals Help Children Cope Preparation Programs Effectiveness varies as a function of: Timing of program Age of child Child’s coping style Child’s previous medical experiences