1. Ch. 15 sec 4 Aggressors Invade Nations I. Japan Seeks an Empire A. Militarists Take control of Japan 1.When the Great Depression struck in 1929 many Japanese blamed the govt. which allowed military leaders to gain support and then win control of the country 2.They implemented traditional values and made the emperor the symbol of state power

2. A. Militarists Take control of Japan 3. The military leaders wanted to solve the country’s problems through foreign expansion. 4. They planned a Pacific empire than included a conquered China which would provide raw materials and markets for goods

3. B. Japan Invades Manchuria 1.The Japanese military invaded the Manchurian province rich in iron and coal despite objections from the Japanese parliament 2.The Japanese attack was the first direct challenge to the League of Nations

4. B. Japan Invades Manchuria 3.Japan ignored protests to their actions and withdrew from the League of Nations in 1933

5. C. Japan Invades China 1.A border incident touched off a full-scale war between Japan and China 2.Jian Jieshi’s Chinese army is no match for the Japanese who kill tens of thousands captured soldiers and citizens in Nanjing

6. C. Japan Invades China 3. Mao Zedong continued to fight the Japanese in the conquered areas

7. II. European Aggressors on the March A. Mussolini Attacks Ethiopia 1.To avenge Italian defeat in 1896 Mussolini invaded Ethiopia in October of 1935 and quickly defeated them 2.Haile Selassie appealed to the League of Nations for support but was ignored 3.Britain and France hoped to keep peace by giving in to Mussolini in Africa

8. B. Hitler Defies Versailles Treaty 1.In 1935 Hitler openly defied and disobeyed the restrictions of a limited German military 2.Hitler then sent troops into the Rhineland which was an important industrial area which was also a buffer between Germany and France

9. B. Hitler Defies Versailles Treaty 3. The British urged appeasement, giving in to an aggressor to keep peace 4. Gaining the Rhineland also provided Hitler with power and prestige among his people and now France and Belgium were open to attack 5. The weak responses from France and Britain encouraged Hitler to expand

10. B. Hitler Defies Versailles Treaty 6. Hitler’s growing power convinced Mussolini to seek an alliance and in October of 1931 they signed the Rome-Berlin Axis 7. A month later Germany made an alliance with Japan; Germany, Italy, and Japan became known as the Axis Powers

11. C. Civil War Erupts in Spain 1.In July 1936, army leaders who favored a Fascist-style govt. joined Francisco Franco in a revolt in a 3 year civil war 2.Hitler and Mussolini sent troops, tanks, and planes to help Franco’s forces which were called the Nationalists

12. C. Civil War Erupts in Spain 3. The Republicans, supporters of Spain’s govt. received little help abroad; Western democracies wanted to remain neutral; except the Soviet Union 4.In 1939 the Republican resistance collapsed and Franco became Spain’s Fascist dictator