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新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病 Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy(HIE) Department of pediatrics 陈平洋 第七章第六节 中南大学儿科学教研室.

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Presentation on theme: "新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病 Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy(HIE) Department of pediatrics 陈平洋 第七章第六节 中南大学儿科学教研室."— Presentation transcript:

1 新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病 Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy(HIE) Department of pediatrics 陈平洋 第七章第六节 中南大学儿科学教研室

2 Purpose To be familiar with etiology, Mechanism and prevention To master clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment To understand the prognosis

3 Summary HIE ( 缺氧缺血性脑病 ) is caused by perinatal asphyxia (围生期的窒息) HIE is a disease primarily of the term infant

4 Hypoxia (低氧血症) cerebral metabolism ( ) disorder (脑代谢 ) disorder acidemia. ATP Na.Ca pump ↓ function ↓ cellular Ca.Na ↑ cerebral edema (脑 水肿) diminished cerebral perfusion (脑灌注) ↓ ischemia ↓ cerebral necrosis (脑梗死) cerebral edema Intracranial Intracranial pressure (颅内压 ) pressure (颅内压 )↑ blood capillary Permeability (毛细血管通 透性) ↑ Intracranial hemorrhage (颅内出血) ↓

5 Etiology and Mechanism (病因与发病机制) Selective vulnerabilities (选择易损性) Occur in selected areas of the brain stem, (脑干) Occur in selected areas of the brain stem, (脑干) thalamencephalon (丘脑) and cerebellum (小脑) where metabolism is vigorous and which are most sensitive to vigorous and which are most sensitive to hypoxicischemic (缺氧缺血性) injur hypoxicischemic (缺氧缺血性) injury (损伤).

6 Who is risk baby? 1. Fetal distress in uterus( 胎儿宫内窘迫 ) 2. Infants who are asphyxiated( 窒息) 3. Infants who develop postnatal( 产后) asphyxiacted insults: severe pulmonary disease, apnea( 呼吸暂 停 ), congenital heart disease (先天性心 脏病)

7 Clinical Diagnosis and Grades of Severity 1consciousness (意识) 2m uscle tone (肌张力) 3primitive reflexes 4convulsion (惊厥) 5respiratoryfailure 6pupils (瞳孔) 7anteriorfontanelle 8duration( 病程) 9prognosis (预后) Irritability ( 易激惹 ) Normal Hyperactive None Normal <24 hr Good lethargic ( 昏睡 ) Hypotonic (增高) Weak Commonly seen None or mild Normal or miosis (缩小) Full (饱满) 24hr to 14days Variable Severe Coma ( 昏迷 ) Flaccid ( 弛缓 ) Absent Commonly seen Unequal, poor light reflex Tension (紧张) Days to weeks Death or severe sequela (后遗症) ModerateMild

8 Diagnosis 1 、 History Perinatal asphyxia (围生期窒息) 2 、 Clinical manifestation Brain injury (脑水肿) Some degree of systemic organ injury 3 、 Ultrasound examinations (超声检查) 4 、 CT scan of the brain or MRI 5 、 EEG 肌酸磷酸激酶 6 、 Ck-BB (肌酸磷酸激酶)

9 Treatment 1 、 Control convulsions (控制惊厥) luminal ( 鲁米那 ) loading dose : 20mg/kg aequum ( 维持量 ) : every time 5mg/kg 2 、 Control cerebral edema (控制脑水肿) manicol (甘露醇) : every time 0.25 ~ 0.5g/kg furosemide (速尿) : every time 1mg/Kg

10 Treatment 3 、 Supportive therapy (支持疗法) ① Support cardiorespiratory (循环呼吸) status: prevent hypoventilation (通气不足 ), hypercapnia ( 高碳酸血症 ), hypoxemia (低氧血症) ② Maintain adequate blood pressure (血压). ③ Maintain adequate blood glucose (血糖) level, acid-base and electrolyte balance (水、 电解质、酸碱平衡) ④ Fluid restriction (限制液体) < 60~80ml/kg/d

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