1. Types of Drugs and Their Effects Chapter 13

2. What Are Drugs? Drugs are substances, other than food, that affect a person’s mental, emotional, or physical state. Drugs are substances, other than food, that affect a person’s mental, emotional, or physical state. Psychoactive drugs (mood-altering drugs) affect our mental and emotional state. Psychoactive drugs (mood-altering drugs) affect our mental and emotional state. A person who uses drugs is not usually trying to cause damage to his or her lungs, brain, or other vital organs. A person who uses drugs is not usually trying to cause damage to his or her lungs, brain, or other vital organs. However, many drugs have harmful side effects, and such damage can occur. However, many drugs have harmful side effects, and such damage can occur.

3. Why do people take drugs?

4. Marijuana (Cannabis) Marijuana, the most popular form of cannabis, is placed in a class of its own because it acts mostly as a hallucinogen, but also has depressant effects, it slows response time and affects memory, and a stimulant effect, it raises heart rate. Marijuana, the most popular form of cannabis, is placed in a class of its own because it acts mostly as a hallucinogen, but also has depressant effects, it slows response time and affects memory, and a stimulant effect, it raises heart rate. Common sources of cannabis are marijuana, hashish, hash oil, and THC. Common sources of cannabis are marijuana, hashish, hash oil, and THC.

5. Hallucinogens Hallucinogens alter users’ perceptions of the world around them, causing distortions in the way they sense their surroundings. Hallucinogens alter users’ perceptions of the world around them, causing distortions in the way they sense their surroundings. While overdoses are rare, these drugs can pose a risk of accidents and injuries because they distort what the user experiences. While overdoses are rare, these drugs can pose a risk of accidents and injuries because they distort what the user experiences. Users also may experience flashbacks later in life. Users also may experience flashbacks later in life. Hallucinogens include LSD, psilocybin (magic mushrooms), mescaline, ecstasy, and peyote. Hallucinogens include LSD, psilocybin (magic mushrooms), mescaline, ecstasy, and peyote.

6. Depressants Depressants slow down the Central Nervous System and reduce inhibitions. Depressants slow down the Central Nervous System and reduce inhibitions. Like Stimulants, many depressants can be easy to obtain; however, this does not make them harmless. Like Stimulants, many depressants can be easy to obtain; however, this does not make them harmless. Examples of typical depressants are alcohol, solvents (for example, glue or gasoline); opiates (such as heroin); pain killers, tranquilizers and sleeping pills. Examples of typical depressants are alcohol, solvents (for example, glue or gasoline); opiates (such as heroin); pain killers, tranquilizers and sleeping pills.

7. Stimulants As the name implies, stimulants speed up body systems such as the Central Nervous System and the Cardiorespiratory System, delay fatigue, and may produce hyperactivity. As the name implies, stimulants speed up body systems such as the Central Nervous System and the Cardiorespiratory System, delay fatigue, and may produce hyperactivity. Some stimulants are prescribed for certain medical conditions. Some stimulants are prescribed for certain medical conditions. Common stimulants include nicotine, caffeine, diet pills, Ritalin, cocaine, crack, and speed. Common stimulants include nicotine, caffeine, diet pills, Ritalin, cocaine, crack, and speed.

8. Anabolic Steroids Anabolic Steroids are commonly used to treat certain medical conditions. Anabolic Steroids are commonly used to treat certain medical conditions. Non-medically, steroids can help increase training endurance and build muscles, and so people use them to enhance athletic performance and body image. Non-medically, steroids can help increase training endurance and build muscles, and so people use them to enhance athletic performance and body image. They are a controlled substance; using them without a prescription is illegal. They are a controlled substance; using them without a prescription is illegal. Anabolic Steroid use is linked to a range of problems, both physical and psychological, which may continue even after a person stops using the steroids. Anabolic Steroid use is linked to a range of problems, both physical and psychological, which may continue even after a person stops using the steroids. Sports authorities worldwide ban the use of steroids as a form of cheating. Sports authorities worldwide ban the use of steroids as a form of cheating.

9. The Continuum of Drug Use Using drugs for non-medical reasons almost always poses a degree of risk. Using drugs for non-medical reasons almost always poses a degree of risk. Risk can range from very low to very high, and harm can occur even if it is your first time. Risk can range from very low to very high, and harm can occur even if it is your first time. The Continuum of Drug Use is a way of measuring your potential drug use and the risks associated with it. The Continuum of Drug Use is a way of measuring your potential drug use and the risks associated with it. Refer to page 215! Refer to page 215!

10. Non-Use It is estimated that about 1/3 of young Canadians choose not to use tobacco, alcohol, or any illegal substance. It is estimated that about 1/3 of young Canadians choose not to use tobacco, alcohol, or any illegal substance. Non-Use is the healthiest choice, because it involves zero risk! Non-Use is the healthiest choice, because it involves zero risk!

11. Experimental Use Experimental use occurs because of curiosity and may not occur again. Experimental use occurs because of curiosity and may not occur again. The risk usually is low, but it depends on several factors: the drug taken, how it is taken, and how much of it is taken; the user’s personality, mood, and expectations; and the surroundings. The risk usually is low, but it depends on several factors: the drug taken, how it is taken, and how much of it is taken; the user’s personality, mood, and expectations; and the surroundings. The risk can be higher for inexperienced users, who may accidentally take too much or not know how to handle the drug’s effects. The risk can be higher for inexperienced users, who may accidentally take too much or not know how to handle the drug’s effects.

12. Social Use This is ongoing drug use with moderate consumption. This is ongoing drug use with moderate consumption. The risk can be low to moderate depending on the particular drug and how it is used. The risk can be low to moderate depending on the particular drug and how it is used.

13. Binge Use This is use of a large amount of a substance at one time. This is use of a large amount of a substance at one time. Even on a single occasion the risk of harm is high!! Even on a single occasion the risk of harm is high!!

14. Frequent, Heavy Use Ongoing use that results in problems in one or more areas of a person’s life (Ex: study, work, friendships, family relations). Ongoing use that results in problems in one or more areas of a person’s life (Ex: study, work, friendships, family relations). Risk of significant and lasting harm is high!! Risk of significant and lasting harm is high!!

15. Dependant Use This is compulsive and excessive use that continues despite problems in various life areas (Ex: employment, relationships, etc.). This is compulsive and excessive use that continues despite problems in various life areas (Ex: employment, relationships, etc.). Risk of significant and lasting harm is very high!! Risk of significant and lasting harm is very high!!

16. What is the difference between Drug use and Drug abuse? If a person’s substance use makes it difficult to carry on with the rest of his or her life, then that person is abusing the substance. If a person’s substance use makes it difficult to carry on with the rest of his or her life, then that person is abusing the substance. If a person is using a substance in order to “cope” with other problems, such as stress, shyness, or pain, that person is abusing the substance. If a person is using a substance in order to “cope” with other problems, such as stress, shyness, or pain, that person is abusing the substance. If a person is using a substance for a medical purpose without medical supervision, or in a way that doesn’t match the prescription, that person is abusing the substance. If a person is using a substance for a medical purpose without medical supervision, or in a way that doesn’t match the prescription, that person is abusing the substance.

17. What’s the Harm in it? Often we hear rumors of celebrities using illegal substances. Often we hear rumors of celebrities using illegal substances. You may know some people who use drugs and don’t seem to be harmed. You may know some people who use drugs and don’t seem to be harmed. Indeed, some drugs, such as alcohol and tobacco, are legal for adults, therefore it’s easy to wonder what the fuss is all about! Indeed, some drugs, such as alcohol and tobacco, are legal for adults, therefore it’s easy to wonder what the fuss is all about! Society does not present a very consistent message about the risks of substance use and abuse. Society does not present a very consistent message about the risks of substance use and abuse. All drugs, including the readily available, socially acceptable ones, carry risks for users and abusers, but not all drugs carry the same risks! All drugs, including the readily available, socially acceptable ones, carry risks for users and abusers, but not all drugs carry the same risks!

18. Safety Concerns Most substances (Ex: alcohol, cannabis, amphetamines) affect the user’s judgment and motor coordination. Most substances (Ex: alcohol, cannabis, amphetamines) affect the user’s judgment and motor coordination. Intoxication can cause users to make unsafe choices. Intoxication can cause users to make unsafe choices. This makes any kind of physical activity, such as using equipment or machinery, or even playing sports, very dangerous. This makes any kind of physical activity, such as using equipment or machinery, or even playing sports, very dangerous.

19. Violence and Crime Many substances reduce inhibitions, give users a sense of self-confidence and invulnerability, and impair judgment. Many substances reduce inhibitions, give users a sense of self-confidence and invulnerability, and impair judgment. These effects can lead to violent behavior. These effects can lead to violent behavior. Alcohol has the strongest link with violent acts – an estimated 40-50% of the violent crimes committed by inmates in Canadian correctional facilities involved alcohol. Alcohol has the strongest link with violent acts – an estimated 40-50% of the violent crimes committed by inmates in Canadian correctional facilities involved alcohol.

20. How Does Drug Use Begin? People often believe that using mood-altering drugs will make them feel better or contribute to their enjoyment of sensory stimulation. People often believe that using mood-altering drugs will make them feel better or contribute to their enjoyment of sensory stimulation. Other factors also influence some young people to use substances: Other factors also influence some young people to use substances: - Culture and Media - Curiosity - Social Acceptance - Lack of knowledge about the risks - Celebrations - Everyday Emotional Pressures - Mental Health Problems - Mental Health Problems

21. Making Smart Choices No matter how much fun or how difficult the teen years are, they are about moving ahead and going somewhere! No matter how much fun or how difficult the teen years are, they are about moving ahead and going somewhere! You may already know exactly what you want to be doing later in life, or you may just know that you want to be happy and able to take care of yourself. You may already know exactly what you want to be doing later in life, or you may just know that you want to be happy and able to take care of yourself. Whatever your aims, ask yourself, “Are the things I am doing now helping me to get where I want to go?” Whatever your aims, ask yourself, “Are the things I am doing now helping me to get where I want to go?” When you ask this question with substance use in mind, it becomes pretty clear that the use of substances is not going to help you get where you want to go. When you ask this question with substance use in mind, it becomes pretty clear that the use of substances is not going to help you get where you want to go. Knowing the harms that can arise from using substances can put you in a good position to develop a balanced view of the kind of role if any drugs and alcohol play in your life. Knowing the harms that can arise from using substances can put you in a good position to develop a balanced view of the kind of role if any drugs and alcohol play in your life.