1. Nervous control An overview of how the nervous system works WAL: All Most How do reflex arcs prevent damage to the body? What roles do sensory, intermediate and motor neurones play in a reflex arc? Some How does a simple reflex arc work?

2. Today we are covering from the specification: Pages 144-146 of NT textbook

3. Nervous organisation The nervous system has 2 main divisions: 1)The central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) 2)The peripheral nervous system (pairs of nerves that originate from either the brain or spinal cord)

4. Nervous organisation 1)The peripheral nervous system is divided into: –Sensory neurones –Motor neurones

5. Nervous organisation 1)The motor nervous system is further divided into: –Voluntary nervous system, which carries nerve impulses to body muscles and is under voluntary control –Autonomic nervous system, which carries nerve impulses to glands, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle and is not under voluntary control, that is, it is involuntary (subconscious)

6. The spinal cord Column of nervous tissue that runs along the back inside the vertebral column for protection. Emerging at intervals are pairs of nerves.

7. Stimulus Hot pan Receptor Temperature receptors in skin Sensory neurone passes impulse to spinal cord Intermediate neurone in spinal cord links the neurones together Motor neurone passes impulse from spinal cord to muscle in upper arm Effector - the muscle in upper arm is stimulated to contract Response Drop saucepan Mess on floor!

8. Task: Measure your reaction time

9. Any action that makes survival more likely is clearly of value. Reflexes are important because: –They are involuntary and therefore do not require the decision making powers of the brain, thus leaving it free to carry out more complex responses. –Brain is not overloaded with situations in which the response is always the same. –Some responses are still sent to the brain and can sometimes over-ride the reflex if necessary, why? Importance of reflex arcs

10. Any action that makes survival more likely is clearly of value. Reflexes are important because: –They protect the body from harmful stimuli. –They are effective from birth and do not have to be learnt. –They are fast, because the neurone pathway is short with very few, typically one or two, synapses (which are the slowest link in a neurone pathway). This is important in withdrawal reflexes. Importance of reflex arcs

11. Nervous control An overview of how the nervous system works WAL: All Most How do reflex arcs prevent damage to the body? What roles do sensory, intermediate and motor neurones play in a reflex arc? Plenary– Write a paragraph with the words voluntary, intermediate, sensory, motor, reflex arc, stimulus, response Some How does a simple reflex arc work?