1. Aim: Summarize the developments of the Scientific Revolution

2. The Scientific Method Revolution in scientific thinking developed into a new approach Revolution in scientific thinking developed into a new approach Called the Scientific Method Called the Scientific Method Scientific Method is a logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas Scientific Method is a logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas Steps Steps Begins with problem or question Begins with problem or question Scientists form a hypothesis (Assumption) Scientists form a hypothesis (Assumption) Hypothesis is then tested in experiment Hypothesis is then tested in experiment Scientists analyze & interpret their data to reach a conclusion Scientists analyze & interpret their data to reach a conclusion

3. Bacon and Descartes Scientific Method did not develop overnight Scientific Method did not develop overnight Works of Francis Bacon & Rene Descartes helped advance new approach Works of Francis Bacon & Rene Descartes helped advance new approach Bacon Bacon Attacked medieval scholars for relying too heavily on Aristotle & other ancient thinkers Attacked medieval scholars for relying too heavily on Aristotle & other ancient thinkers Emphasized Empiricism (Experimental Method) Emphasized Empiricism (Experimental Method) Urged scientists to experiment and then draw conclusions Urged scientists to experiment and then draw conclusions Descartes Descartes Believed that scientists needed to reject old assumptions & teachings Believed that scientists needed to reject old assumptions & teachings Relied on mathematics & logic Relied on mathematics & logic Believed that everything should be doubted until proven by reason Believed that everything should be doubted until proven by reason

4. Newton Explains the Laws of Gravity Mid 1600’s: Isaac Newton helped bring scientific breakthroughs under a single theory of motion Mid 1600’s: Isaac Newton helped bring scientific breakthroughs under a single theory of motion Newton’s great discovery was that the same force ruled motion of the planets, all matter on earth, & in space Newton’s great discovery was that the same force ruled motion of the planets, all matter on earth, & in space Key idea that linked motion in the heavens with motion in earth was Law of Universal Gravitation Key idea that linked motion in the heavens with motion in earth was Law of Universal Gravitation According to this law, every object in the universe attracts every other object According to this law, every object in the universe attracts every other object 1687: Newton published his ideas in a work called The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy 1687: Newton published his ideas in a work called The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy

5. The Scientific Revolution Spreads Scientists developed new tools and instruments Scientists developed new tools and instruments 1590: First Microscope 1590: First Microscope 1680: Leeuwenhoek used microscope to observe bacteria 1680: Leeuwenhoek used microscope to observe bacteria 1643: First mercury barometer 1643: First mercury barometer 1714: First thermometer (Fahrenheit) 1714: First thermometer (Fahrenheit) 1742: First Celsius thermometer 1742: First Celsius thermometer