1. Carbon Cycle CO 2 in atm Photosynthesis Carbon in producers Feeding Carbon in consumers Death or excretion Carbon in decomposers Combustion of forests Cellular respiration Partial decomposition Carbon in fossil fuels combustion Carbon in oceans Coral Reefs, Carbonate shells Limestone

2. CO 2 in atm Photosynthesis Carbon in producers Feeding Carbon in consumers Cellular respiration Inorganic carbon  organic carbon Food source for all biosphere C 6 H 12 O 6 fructose, galactose starch cellulose Lipids, amino acids

3. CO 2 in atm Carbon in oceans Coral reefs, Carbonate shells Limestone CO 2 +H 2 O  H 2 CO 3 (carbonic acid) H 2 CO 3  H + + HCO 3 - H + - determines pH HCO 3 - inorganic carbon based molecule (part of cycle) Coral Polyps Ca 2+ + 2HCO 3 -  CaCO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O Molluscs (snails, clams, oysters, mussels) Foraminifera accumulate in sediments Lithification – turn to solid rock Biosequestration – locking up carbon for extended periods of time Helps maintain carbon cycle Use limestone in construction – CaCO 3 breaks back down into CO 2 Problem

4. Archaenan microbes (methanogens) – metabolize organic compounds into methane Found in wetlands, animal guts, natural gas reservoirs CH 4 + 2O 2  2H 2 O + CO 2 Origin of CH 4 is crucial for proper functioning of carbon cycle

5. CO 2 in atm Carbon in producers Death or excretion Carbon in decomposers Partial decomposition Carbon in fossil fuels combustion MILLIONS OF YEARS... Peat Plant material found in waterlogged soils - histosol Anaerobic conditionsAllows for partial decomposition – leaving energy rich materials behind Acidic soilsprevent decomposer growth Fuel SourceDry out peat - burnnon-renewable Wetland protection Diverse ecosystem Trap pollen – biotic ‘library’

6. CO 2 in atm Carbon in producers Death or excretion Carbon in decomposers Partial decomposition Carbon in fossil fuels combustion Coal Accumulation of sediment above peat Forces peat lower into earth crust – high pressure and heat compresses peat into coal (lithification) Creation of hydrocarbons Burn = energy MILLIONS OF YEARS...

7. CO 2 in atm Carbon in producers Death or excretion Carbon in decomposers Partial decomposition Carbon in fossil fuels combustion MILLIONS OF YEARS... Crude Oil and Natural Gas Dead aquatic organisms (during Carboniferous period) accumulates at bottom of shallow seas Anoxic conditions  sludge (kerogen) – composed of undigested lipids Pressure and heat allow for transformation into burnable hydrocrabons

9. Biofuels * Even though CO2 is still being produced, the carbon in these fuels were never sequestered therefore carbon neutral