1. The TRI  P programme at KVI Tests of the Standard Model at low energy Hans Wilschut KVI – Groningen Low energy tests e.g. Time reversal violation precision measurements Stable  unstable nuclides nuclear & atomic physics The role of trapping nuclides sample manipulation & detection Applications and examples TRI  P developments at KVI/AGOR Trapped Radioactive Isotopes  -laboratories for fundamental Physics

2. Time reversal violation and the Electric Dipole Moment J any particle will do d n  0.6 10 -27 em d e < 1.6 10 -29 em d e (SM) < 10 -39 em find suitable object Schiff need amplifier atomic (Z 3 ) nuclear suitable structure Consider all nuclides time d EDM violates parity and time reversal

3. Time reversal violation in  -decay J positron neutrino q q q JJ p p p T 180 0 AGOR  nuclide & appropriate structure neutrino detection  recoil measurement

4. Correlations in  -decay R and D test both TRV D  most potential R  scalar and tensor (EDM, a) technique D measurements also gives a, A, b, B

5. “The Nucleus as micro laboratory” Fermi transitions 0 +  0 +  +  + N N’ e, Gamow-Teller 1 +  0 + Decay probability  (phase space) (nuclear structure) (weak interact) Recoil e Vector Recoil e Scalar

6. The role of (optical) trapping Optical trap sample isotope selective, spin manipulation point source, no substrate recoil (ion) mass spectrometry From KVI atomic physics: He 2+ + Na S. Knoop Ideal environment for precision experiments 1 a.u.=15 A  eV

7. Correlation experiments Setup at TRIUMF (Behr et al.) for 38m K (t 1/2 =0.93 s; 0 +  0 + )

8. Current value a F =0.992(8)(5) improved statistics  ? (3)(3) current limitation:  response other attempts: a GT 6 He at LPC/GANIL with Paul trap 1.5  s  6 A  eV Typical measured spectrum (Behr)

9. Status and Future of D coefficient  10 -5 -10 -4 exotic ferm.  10 -5 -10 -4 LR sym  present limit lepto quark  10 -7 -10 -6 Susy  10 -12 CKM D  Im (C V C A * ) Theory D in neutron (-0.6  1.7)  10 -3 D in 19 Ne < (4  8)  10 -4 Weak magnetism D WM ( 19 Ne) = 2.6  10 -4 p e /p max With measurement of D(p e ) momentum dependence two orders of magnitude to be gained. KVI goes for 21 Na (3/2 +  3/2 + ; t 1/2 =22.5 s) 19 Ne (1/2 +  1/2 + ; t 1/2 =17.3 s) 20 Na(2 +  2 + +  /  ; t 1/2 =0.5 s) 23 Mg (3/2 +  3/2 + ; t 1/2 =11.3 s) ( Rate of in-trap decays 10 5 /s) : :

10. EDM: What Object to Choose ? neutron: cold neutron source  ,... electron: paramagnetic atom nucleus: diamagenetic atom Not at AGOR 205 Tl: d = -585 d e 199 Hg: d  nucl  atom Ra: Ra/Hg=(10 >1 )(10 >3 ) Theoretical input needed

11. Principle of EDM measurement B E B E - =   state preparation detection precession

12. Washington Seattle

13. EDM Now and in the Future 1.6  10 -27 Start TRI  P 199 Hg Radium potential d e (SM) < 10 -37

14. Primary beam from AGOR cyclotron target position in fragment separator mode (light isotopes) target position in recoil-separator mode (e.g. Ra) beam of radioactive isotopes to decelerator and traps Combined Fragment and Recoil Separator G.P. Berg O.C. Dermois

15. Impact on Infrastructure Project started 2001 Program approved July 2001 Separator out for bids Magnet delivery summer 2003 Separator setup and commissioning 2003/2004 Ready for Experiments End 2004 In the mean time other preparations: Isotope Production, Gas Stopping, Cooling, RFQ, nuclear and atomic spectroscopy,... NIPNET ION CATCHER HITRAP

16. Atomic Physics Nuclear Physics Particle Physics “Summary” P. Dendooven M.N. Harakeh K. Jungmann R. Timmermans L. Willman H.W. Wilschut R. Morgenstern, R. Hoekstra

17. niks