1. False Truth The experiment of Brown and Nix (1996):Brown and Nix (1996): Research indicates that repeated exposure to statements enhances the rated truth of both true and false statements (Hasher et al., 1977).Hasher et al., 1977 Brown and Nix wanted to know if they can find an effect of repeated exposure when participants get feedback about which statement is right and which is wrong. Moreover, they tested participants at two different delays: At a longer delay, people may still feel a statement‘s familiarity without knowing which statement is true and which is false. Contributor© POSbase 2003

2. False Truth Brown and Nix presented sixty statemtents, half of them true, half of them false. After this exposure phase, they gave participants feedback about the actual truth of each statement. The test was one week later for half of the participants and one month later for the others. Participants had to rate the truth of the statements on a scale from 1 (definitely false) to 6 (definitely true). © POSbase 2003

3. False Truth © POSbase 2003

4. After a delay of one week, participants were able to distinguish between true and false statements. After a delay of one month, however, the impact of feedback has faded away, but the old statements feel familiar, regardless of whether they are correct or not, and are rated as being more truthful than new statements. Other research demonstrated that processing fluency, the ease with which statements could be processed, influences judgments of truth (Begg et al., 1992; Reber & Schwarz, 1999).Reber & Schwarz, 1999 False Truth © POSbase 2003

5. False Truth The false truth-effect is related to other phenomena, such as:  Illusions of familiarity (Jacoby & Whitehouse, 1989; Whittlesea, 1993)  Judgments of time (Witherspoon & Allan, 1985)Witherspoon & Allan, 1985  Affective preference (Kunst-Wilson & Zajonc, 1980)Kunst-Wilson & Zajonc, 1980  False fame (Jacoby et al., 1989)Jacoby et al., 1989  Performance judgments (Kelley & Jacoby, 1996)Kelley & Jacoby, 1996  Metacognitive judgments (Begg et al., 1989)  Unintended plagiarism (Brown & Murphy, 1989; Marsh et al., 1997)Marsh et al., 1997 © POSbase 2003