CHAPTER 14 THE YOUNG STATE

Camels In 1856, the U.S. Army experimented with the camel to see if it could be used in warfare of to haul supplies.

CONSTITUTION OF 1845 The Texas Constitution of 1845 was similar to the constitution of LOUISIANA.

CONSTITUTION OF GOVERNOR – 2 year term 2. LEGISLATURE – 2 houses A. Senate – elected for 4 years B. House of Representatives – 2 yr 3. COURTS – Supreme, District, County 4. PROTECTED SLAVERY; BARRED WOMEN FROM VOTING

Legislative – having to do with the law- making body To amend means to change

HENDERSON First governor – J. Pinckney Henderson One of the first women to practice law in Texas – Frances Cox Henderson

U. S. CONGRESS U. S. Senators: Sam Houston Thomas J. Rusk U. S. Representatives: David Kaufman Timothy Pillsbury

POLITICAL PARTIES Democratic – Strong in the South; most Texas leaders joined; farmers laborers Whig Party – business and commercial interests; lacked support in Texas American (Know-Nothing) Party – tried to keep immigrants from voting or running for office

CONVENTIONS Meetings where candidates were nominated to run for office First used by the American party

INDIAN TERRITORY In 1859, the Texas government moved Native Americans to Indian Territory (north of the Red River). The Comanches and Kiowas continued to attack.

WAR WITH MEXICO Texas believed the Rio Grande was the boundary Mexico believed the Nueces River was the boundary President Polk sent Gen. Zachary Taylor & troops to the Rio Grande. Mexican and American soldiers clashed north of the Rio Grande

WAR WITH MEXICO U.S. Congress declared war on May 13, More than 5,000 Texans served in the war.

ABOLITIONISTS People who work to end slavery

WAR WITH MEXICO U.S. forces were better equipped and better led Mexico City was captured in 1847

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Mexico abandoned all claims to Texas and accepted the Rio Grande as the boundary. Mexico surrendered all territory between Texas and the Pacific Ocean. This is called the Mexican Cession

Census Bureau of ,592 Texans

G T T Gone To Texas

TEAMSTERS Animal drivers

JUAN CORTINA Was seen as a protector of the rights of Mexicans and Tejanos and was a hero to many families along the border Negative feelings against Mexican Americans were a result of the battles fought at the Alamo and Goliad

GERMAN TEXANS Dr. Ferdinand Herff – famous surgeon; received national recognition for his services Dr. Ferdinand Lindheimer – editor of a German newspaper; gained national reputation as a scientist

DIVERSE TEXAS CULTURE Music Arts Languages Literature Traditions Intellectual pursuits Industrial crafts Agricultural skills