Preparing for War in the East

Checklist…so far in your workbooks you should have completed: red = most important Read p.14 ‘Philip’s aims and policies’ – p.15 ‘Steps taken by Philip to ensure his aims were fulfilled’. P.16 Read ‘To Hell’n back’ P.17 Read ‘The Corinthian League’ P.19 Answer questions on Hamilton Worksheet ‘The Corinthian League’ P Read ‘The murder of Philip’ P.24 Answer Questions on Hamilton Worksheet ‘The murder of Philip II’ Read p about Alexander as King of Macdeon and Hegemon and Strategos of the Corinthian League. Read p.29 ‘Second Rebellion of the Greek States’ P.30 Answer Questions on Hamilton Worksheet ‘The Destruction of Thebes’

Preparing for War in the East After the defeat of Thebes Alexander returned to Macedonia and prepared to fight Persia. He had proven himself as a military leader and there was no further trouble in Greece. Alexander appointed Antipater to the position of Regent of Macedonia and Deputy Hegemon of the League of Corith. –To prevent against rebellions Antipater was left 13,500 troops under his control Alexander Disposed of his personal property which indicated he did not intend to return. Parmenio was appointed second-in- command of troops headed for Asia. Sent ahead with a small army to prepare the way for the invasion.

Leaving Macedonia and going to Asia Minor Alexander crossed the Hellespont into Asia Minor in Spring 334. Philip had already prepared the way. As Alexander’s boat neared the shore of Asia Minor he leapt into the water and wading ashore threw his spear at the land, this symbolically meant what? His first act was to visit the site of Troy and his ancestor Achilles’ tomb. In the Paul Artus book: –Read bottom of p. 76 ‘His desire to outdo his ancestors’ –Read all of p.77 ‘Alexander and Achilles’ After completing the ceremonies at Troy he marched North to join the Army at Arisbe.

Alexander’s Army After Troy, Alexander moved north to Arisbe, where he joined the rest of his army led by Parmenio. It is estimated that Alexander had a total of 45,000 troops. –approximately 32,000 infantry –approximately 5,000 cavalry –Parmenio’s troops This is confirmed by Diodorus (what source is he from?)

New and exciting words are coming your way…! Create a vocab list in your books Cuirass cui·rass (kwî-ràs¹) noun A piece of armour for protecting the breast and back. a. The breastplate alone. Dardanelles Dar·da·nelles (där´dn-èlz¹) Formerly Hel·les·pont (hèl¹î-spònt´) A strait connecting the Aegean Sea with the Sea of Marmara. In ancient times it was the scene of the legendary exploits of Hero and Leander. Echeloned ech·e·lon (èsh¹e-lòn´) noun A formation of troops in which each unit is positioned successively to the left or right of the rear unit to form an oblique or steplike line. a. A flight formation or arrangement of craft in this manner. b. A similar formation of groups, units, or individuals. Hoplites hop·lite (hòp¹lìt´) noun A heavily armed foot soldier of ancient Greece. Pan-Hellenic Pan-Hel·len·ic also Pan·hel·len·ic (pàn´he-lèn¹îk) adjective Of or relating to all Greek peoples or a movement to unify them.

Phalanx pha·lanx (fâ¹làngks´, fàl¹àngks´) noun plural pha·lanx·es or pha·lan·ges (fe-làn¹jêz, fâ-) A formation of infantry carrying overlapping shields and long spears, developed by Philip II of Macedon and used by Alexander the Great. Retinue ret·i·nue (rèt¹n-¡´, -y¡´) noun The retainers or attendants accompanying a high-ranking person. Sarissas A spear of Balkan origin used by the infantry. Satraps sa·trap (sâ¹tràp´, sàt¹ràp´) noun A governor of a province in ancient Persia. Triremes tri·reme (trì¹rêm´) noun Nautical. An ancient Greek or Roman galley or warship, having three tiers of oars on each side. Add the words that are new to you as we work through the next pages of this powerpoint

Alexander’s Army The Phalanx Bulk of Macedonian troops Carried a 4.5m Sarissa (long spear) Carried a small bronze shield Fought in Phalanx formation Each man rested his shield on the man in front Well disciplined and highly trained

Alexander’s Army Hypaspists An elite infantry Were more mobile than the Phalanx More highly trained May have worn lighter armour Shorter Sarissa spear

Alexander’s Army Thracian Peltasts Lightly armed missile troops Arches, slingers and javelins Named for their distinctive shield With little armour they were able to evade the charge of heavily armoured troops

Alexander’s Army Companion Cavalry The elite troops of the Macedonian army Made up of Macedonian nobles Charged in a wedge shape Commander in front Fairly heavily armoured –Metal helmet, bronze body armour, bronze shin guards. Carried a 4m Sarissa

Sarissa From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The sarissa (or sarisa) was a 3 to 7 meter (13-21 feet) long double pointed pike used in the Macedonian phalanx.pikeMacedonian phalanx It was very heavy for a spear, weighing over 5 kg (12 pounds). It had a short iron head shaped like a leaf and a bronze shoe that would allow it to be anchored to the ground to stop charges by enemy soldiers. Its great length was an asset against hoplites and other soldiers bearing smaller weapons, because they had to get past the sarissa to engage the phalangites.hoplites The tight formation of the phalanx created a "wall of pikes", and the pike was sufficiently long that there were fully five rows of pikes in front of the front rank of men—even if an enemy got past the first row, there were still four more to stop him. The back rows bore their pikes angled upwards in readiness, which served the additional purpose to deflect incoming arrows. The Macedonian phalanx was considered all but invulnerable from the front, except against another such phalanx; the only way it was ever generally defeated was by breaking its formation or outflanking it.

The invention of the sarissa is credited to Philip II, father of, Alexander the Great. Philip drilled his hitherto demoralized men to use these formidable pikes with two hands. The new tactic was unstoppable, and by the end of Philip's reign the previously fragile Macedonian kingdom controlled the whole of Greece, Epirus and Thrace.Philip II Alexander the GreatGreece EpirusThrace His son Alexander used the new tactic across Asia, conquering Egypt, Persia and the Pauravas (northwest India), victorious all the way. The sarissa-wielding phalanxes were vital in every early battle, including the pivotal battle of Gaugamela where the Persian king's scythe chariots were utterly destroyed by the phalanx, supported by the combined use of companion cavalry and peltasts (javelineers). EgyptPersiaPauravasbattle of Gaugamelascythe chariotspeltasts Alexander gradually reduced the importance of the Phalanx, and the sarissa, as he modified his combined use of arms, and incorporated 'asian' weapons and troops.

Persian Troops Persian Immortal Professional soldiers Carried a bow, short spear and short sword

Persian Troops Persian Heavy Cavalry Carried –two iron headed javelins, –a Greek sword Wore bronze scale leg protection

Persian Troops Light Cavalry Wears typical head dress Two heavy throwing javelins Some carried a battle axe rather than a sword Infantry Shows Greek influence Hoplon shield and sword Did not have much body armour Short thrusting spear

Homework, in your workbooks Read Alexander’s Army p Read p. 34 ‘Why did Alexander visit Troy?’ Answer Questions, p.35 about Alexander at Troy.