1. Theban Hegemony and Rise of Macedon

2. Prelude The Thebans reinstituted the Boeotian league Became Democratic
Sparta decided that they must be destroyed

3. The Numbers Thebans and Allies Spartans and Allies 6,000 hoplites
1,500 Calvary
300 Sacred Band
10,000 hoplites
1,000 Calvary
700 Spartans

4. Sacred Band
Elite Theban force
150 pairs of male lovers
300 in total

5. Epaminondas Revered by history but lost in modern times
General and Statesman

6. Traditional Hoplite Warfare
8-12 rows deep
Advance together
Best troops on the right as a place of honor

7. Epaminondas Placed Elite troops (sacred band) on the left
Left wing stacked 50 men deep
Right wing thinner and staggered

8. These became known as
oblique order
echelon formation

9. Battle of Leuctra (371 BC)

10. The Battle Spartan right cracked under pressure
1,000 died including 400 Spartans
Remainder fled seeing the Spartans defeated

11. Strategic Victory
Encouraged the Arcadian league and building of Megalopolis
Conquered and rebuilt Messenia, freeing 50% of Sparta’s helots
Forever destroying Sparta's power base

12. Results More Battles followed Sapped the power of Greece
Opened the door for outside forces

13. Rise of Macedonia

14. Philip II Grew up a hostage in Thebes Studies under Epaminondas
Modified his formations

15. Macedonian Phalanx Professionally drilled Carried 18 ft. Sarissa
First 5 rows had spears down
Later rows had at 45 degrees to deflect missiles
Light Armor to increase speed

16. Companion Calvary The unit of choice, hammer to the phalanx anvil
Wore bronze armor
Used Flying Wedge to destroy the right flank
Followed by elite infantry
Left flank covered by defensive “allied Calvary”

17. Goals Originally wanted to conquer Balkans
Needed to unite Greece first
Used destroying Persia as motivation
United at Battle of Chaeronea

18. Battle of Chaeronea
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19. Before he could invade Persia, Phillip murdered
Alexander III becomes king