SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA INCLUDES ALL INSECTS CLASS INSECTA

Entomology THE STUDY OF INSECTS AND THEIR NEAR RELATIVES Entomologists classify insects into more than 25 orders based on characteristics such as: –Structure of mouthparts –Number of wings –Type of development

What You Should Know About Insects …

Taxonomy Kingdom – Animalia Phylum – Arthropoda Class - Insecta

Insects Are Arthropods Insects are the largest group of Arthropods Jointed appendages (bendable) Segmented bodies Exoskeleton of Chitin that must be molted to grow Related to spiders, ticks, scorpions, millipedes, crustacean s

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS Three body regions – head, thorax, and abdomen One pair antenna (head) Six legs or 3 pairs (thorax) One-two pairs of wings (thorax)

Count the Legs! SIX THORAX There are ALWAYS SIX legs, and they are attached to the THORAX

Antenna One Pair on head Jointed Sensory (smell) Called “feelers” Filiform most common shape (segments = size) May be modified FILIFORM

Antenna Modifications

Wings or No Wings Most adults have 2 pairs Called forewings and hindwings Some insects are wingless (silverfish, fleas, some termites and ants)

More on Wings A network of Veins strengthens wing s MEMBRANEOUS (clear) WINGS

Some Wings Are Covered With Powdery Scales BUTTERFLIES & MOTHS

Wings May Be Modified Order Diptera (flies) 2 nd pair of wings modified into HALTERES Used for balance Makes flies hard to catch!

Beetle Wings Hard Forewing called Elytra Meet in straight line down the abdomen Membranous hindwings folded underneath (flight) ELYTRA

CIRCLE THE INSECTS

Class Insecta Review ?s Set #1 1. Id the 3 body regions of insects. 2. What is the most common shape of antenna? Sketch. 3. Define entomology. 4. What characteristics are used to classify insects into orders? 5. What is the function of antennae? 6. What are the modified wings that provide balance for flies? 7. How many LEGS are found on insects? Pairs? 8. Id & describe the 2 types of wings on a beetle and sketch a pic. 9. How many insect orders are identified? 10. Sketch the 3 body regions of an insect & label.

INSECT ORDERS INSECTS WITH WINGS

Why Can’t I Call All of Them Bugs? EVERY BUG NOT ALL INSECTSEVERY BUG is an insect, but NOT ALL INSECTS are bugs! HEMIPTERATrue BUGS are in the Order HEMIPTERA Posterior thorax is triangular; called SCUTELLUMPosterior thorax is triangular; called SCUTELLUM Last 3 rd of wing CLEARLast 3 rd of wing CLEAR CcSPCOQo

Which of these are BUGS? ALL

More Hemipterans Assassin Bug Giant Water Bug Leaf Hopper Water Boatman

Coleoptera beetles Called beetles exoskeleton Tough exoskeleton Elytra Forewings called Elytra Fly with membranous hindwings Larva called grubs Rhinoceros beetle Cucumber beetle Ladybird beetle

Ephemeroptera MayfliesCalled Mayflies aquaticnaiadsJuveniles are aquatic; called naiads Adults found near water & don’t feedAdults found near water & don’t feed Adults reproduce & die in 24 hoursAdults reproduce & die in 24 hours Soft bodies with 2 long Ceri (tail fibers)Soft bodies with 2 long Ceri (tail fibers) ADULT NAIAD

Diptera mosquitoes fliesContains mosquitoes & flies One pairOne pair functional wings halteresClub-shaped halteres for balance hairy insulation / s sensoryBodies often hairy insulation / s sensory Green Bottle fly Hover Fly Fruit Fly Aedes Mosquito

Dermaptera earwigsCalled earwigs flatLong, flat bodies ForcepsForceps (pincers) on end of abdomen Short, hard forewingsShort, hard forewings (membranous wings folded underneath mandiblesLarge jaws (mandibles) on head EARWIG EATING CATERPILLAR PINCERS

Orthoptera Grasshoppers, locusts, crickets, katydidsGrasshoppers, locusts, crickets, katydids longVery long bodies jumpingRear legs modified for jumping Females with egg laying tube (ovipositor on end of abdomen) Often communicate with chirping sounds

Lepidoptera Moths, butterflies, & skippersMoths, butterflies, & skippers SiphoningSiphoning mouthparts coiled under head Powdery scalesPowdery scales on wings flatButterflies fold wings flat above body at rest Mothsnight activeMoths are night active Important plant pollinators

Neuroptera LacewingsLacewings Net veinedNet veined wings Small, delicate insects Long antennaLong antenna Predators on other insects May feed on nectar Females lay eggs suspended in the air by individual strands of silk Predators do not see the eggs because of their suspension

Thysanoptera ThripsThrips fringed wingsTwo pairs of fringed wings plant sapFeed on plant sap

Isoptera TermitesTermites coloniesLive in colonies woodFeed on wood Soft bodiesSoft bodies & short antenna CastesCastes – workers, soldiers, kings, and queen

Mecoptera Scorpion fliesScorpion flies abdominal segments curvedLast abdominal segments curved like scorpion narrow wingsTwo pairs of narrow wings beak (rostrum)Head elongated into a beak (rostrum) LongLong antenna

Homoptera Cicadas, leaf hoppers, wingless aphidsCicadas, leaf hoppers, wingless aphids roof like membranousIf wings present, held roof like over body & membranous Piercing-suckingPiercing-sucking mouthparts Aphids Cicada Leafhopper

Odonata Dragonflies & damselfliesDragonflies & damselflies Dragonflies perpendicularDragonflies hold clear wings spread perpendicular to body at rest Damselflies together over abdomenDamselflies hold clear wings together over abdomen

Plecoptera StonefliesStoneflies Aquatic nymphsAquatic nymphs adults short livedAerial adults are short lived drumming soundMake drumming sound to find mates

Hymenoptera Bees, ants, waspsBees, ants, wasps Narrow waiNarrow waist connects thorax & abdomen Abdomen curvedAbdomen curved downward stingerMay have stinger on end of abdomen Carpenter bee Red ant Yellow jacket

Hornet cooked by bees watch?v=K6m40W1s0Wc& feature=related

Blattodea Cockroaches (active pests) American cockroach-common & largest # species Actually not native to America Brought over on shipping vessels

Phasmida Stick & leaf insects Walking sticks – common Very camouflaged With and without wings Generally nocturnal Feed on shrubs and trees Stick insects – world wide (warm) Leaf insects- rare (Australia)

Mantodea Praying mantis Named for “praying resemblance” Preys on insects Many species will stand tall & spread forelegs and fan out wings to appear larger when threatened

Insecta Review ?s set #2 11. What 2 characteristics signify a TRUE bug? What order are true bugs? 12. Differentiate the life span of a juvenile mayfly and that of an adult. Order? 13. Why is the Rhinoceros Beetle unique? 14. How are Lepidopterans important to plants? 15. What is unique about the 2 nd pair of wings on a fly? Order? 16. What advantage do lacewings have for egg laying? Order? 17. Identify the 4 castes of termites. Order? 18. Describe the head of a scorpion fly. Order? 19. Differentiate the wings of a dragonfly and a damselfly. Order? 20. How are the wings of a cicada held? Order?

INSECT ORDERS WINGLESS INSECTS

Thysanura Called Silverfish Found around houses or outside under stones or wood Fast runners Damage books Secretive and active at night. Flat, long bodies Long antennae Three, long, tail like appendages

Siphonaptera FleasFleas EctoparasitesEctoparasites Bodies laterally compressed hind jumping legsEnlarged hind jumping legs Very short antenna

utube.com/wa tch?v=9fzb16 Bl1Dk

Collembola springtailsCalled springtails Small & soft bodied FurculaFurcula (jumping mechanism) on abdomen folds under the bodyFurcula folds under the body at rest decaying plant materialFound in decaying plant material

Anoplura Sucking liceSucking lice Singular = louseSingular = louse ParasitesParasites of mammals smallVery small Headbody liceHead and body lice are examples Attracted to children’s fine hair Carry disease Slow moving Suck blood & have mouth parts specifically for that function There are specific species of human lice

Mallophaga Biting liceBiting lice birds & mammalsExternal parasites on birds & mammals Broad headBroad head & flattened body Feed on dead skin, feathers, and fur Move quickly Mouth parts specifically for chewing

Metamorphosis CHANGE IN FORM FROM EGG TO ADULT

Incomplete INCOMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS Insects change shape gradually!

Complete Metamorphosis Four stages that all look different

Amorphic Insects SpringtailsSilverfish

Insects with Complete Metamorphosis ColeopteraColeoptera (beetles) HymenopteraHymenoptera (bees, ants, wasps) Diptera LepidopteraDiptera (flies) Lepidoptera (butterflies) EGG  LARVA  PUPA  ADULT

Insects with Incomplete Metamorphosis SiphonapteraSiphonaptera (fleas) IsopteraIsoptera (termites) OrthopteraOrthoptera (grasshoppers & crickets) HemipteraHemiptera (true bugs) HomopteraHomoptera (cicadas & hoppers) EGG  NYMPH  ADULT Wings NOT fully developed

FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY the application and study of insect and other arthropod biology to criminal mattersinsectarthropod primarily associated with death investigations however it may also be used to: –detect drugs and poisons – determine the location of an incident –the length of a period of neglect in the elderly or children –the presence and time of the infliction of wounds =C2YNmdPNG_A&feature=resul ts_video&playnext=1&list=PLBF4 9F173D4A67E05