1. INCLUDES ALL INSECTS CLASS INSECTA
SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA
INCLUDES ALL INSECTS
CLASS INSECTA

2. Entomology THE STUDY OF INSECTS AND THEIR NEAR RELATIVES
Entomologists classify insects into more than 25 orders based on characteristics such as:
Structure of mouthparts
Number of wings
Type of development

3. What You Should Know About Insects …

4. Taxonomy
Kingdom – Animalia
Phylum – Arthropoda
Class - Insecta

5. Insects Are Arthropods
Insects are the largest group of Arthropods
Jointed appendages (bendable)
Segmented bodies
Exoskeleton of Chitin that must be molted to grow
Related to spiders, ticks, scorpions, millipedes, crustaceans

6. MAIN CHARACTERISTICS Three body regions – head, thorax, and abdomen
One pair antenna (head)
Six legs or 3 pairs (thorax)
One-two pairs of wings (thorax)

8. There are ALWAYS SIX legs, and they are attached to the THORAX
Count the Legs!
There are ALWAYS SIX legs, and they are attached to the THORAX

9. Antenna One Pair on head Jointed Sensory (smell) Called “feelers”
Filiform most common shape (segments = size)
May be modified
FILIFORM

10. Antenna Modifications

11. Wings or No Wings Most adults have 2 pairs
Called forewings and hindwings
Some insects are wingless (silverfish, fleas, some termites and ants)

12. A network of Veins strengthens wings MEMBRANEOUS (clear) WINGS
More on Wings
A network of Veins strengthens wings
MEMBRANEOUS (clear) WINGS

13. Some Wings Are Covered With Powdery Scales
BUTTERFLIES & MOTHS

14. Wings May Be Modified Order Diptera (flies)
2nd pair of wings modified into HALTERES
Used for balance
Makes flies hard to catch!

15. Beetle Wings Meet in straight line down the abdomen
ELYTRA
Hard Forewing called Elytra
Meet in straight line down the abdomen
Membranous hindwings folded underneath (flight)

16. CIRCLE THE INSECTS

17. Class Insecta Review ?s Set #1
1. Id the 3 body regions of insects.
2. What is the most common shape of antenna? Sketch.
3. Define entomology.
4. What characteristics are used to classify insects into orders?
5. What is the function of antennae?
6. What are the modified wings that provide balance for flies?
7. How many LEGS are found on insects? Pairs?
8. Id & describe the 2 types of wings on a beetle and sketch a pic.
9. How many insect orders are identified?
10. Sketch the 3 body regions of an insect & label.

18. INSECT ORDERS
INSECTS WITH WINGS

19. Why Can’t I Call All of Them Bugs?
EVERY BUG is an insect, but NOT ALL INSECTS are bugs!
True BUGS are in the Order HEMIPTERA
Posterior thorax is triangular; called SCUTELLUM
Last 3rd of wing CLEAR

20. Which of these are BUGS?
ALL

21. More Hemipterans Assassin Bug Water Boatman Giant Water Bug
Leaf Hopper

22. Coleoptera Called beetles Tough exoskeleton Forewings called Elytra
Fly with membranous hindwings
Larva called grubs
Cucumber beetle
Ladybird beetle
Rhinoceros beetle

23. Ephemeroptera Called Mayflies Juveniles are aquatic; called naiads
Adults found near water & don’t feed
Adults reproduce & die in 24 hours
Soft bodies with 2 long Ceri (tail fibers)
ADULT
NAIAD

24. Diptera Contains mosquitoes & flies One pair functional wings
Club-shaped halteres for balance
Bodies often hairy insulation / ssensory
Green Bottle fly
Hover Fly
Fruit Fly
Aedes Mosquito

25. EARWIG EATING CATERPILLAR
Dermaptera
Called earwigs
Long, flat bodies
Forceps (pincers) on end of abdomen
Short, hard forewings (membranous wings folded underneath
Large jaws (mandibles) on head
PINCERS
EARWIG EATING CATERPILLAR

26. Orthoptera Grasshoppers, locusts, crickets, katydids Very long bodies
Rear legs modified for jumping
Females with egg laying tube (ovipositor on end of abdomen)
Often communicate with chirping sounds

27. Lepidoptera Moths, butterflies, & skippers
Siphoning mouthparts coiled under head
Powdery scales on wings
Butterflies fold wings flat above body at rest
Moths are night active
Important plant pollinators

28. Neuroptera Lacewings Net veined wings Small, delicate insects
Long antenna
Predators on other insects
May feed on nectar
Females lay eggs suspended in the air by individual strands of silk
Predators do not see the eggs because of their suspension

29. Thysanoptera
Thrips
Two pairs of fringed wings
Feed on plant sap

30. Isoptera Termites Live in colonies Feed on wood
Soft bodies & short antenna
Castes – workers, soldiers, kings, and queen

31. Mecoptera Scorpion flies Last abdominal segments curved like scorpion
Two pairs of narrow wings
Head elongated into a beak (rostrum)
Long antenna

32. Homoptera Cicadas, leaf hoppers, wingless aphids
If wings present, held roof like over body & membranous
Piercing-sucking mouthparts
Cicada
Leafhopper

33. Odonata Dragonflies & damselflies
Dragonflies hold clear wings spread perpendicular to body at rest
Damselflies hold clear wings together over abdomen

34. Plecoptera Stoneflies Aquatic nymphs Aerial adults are short lived
Make drumming sound to find mates

35. Hymenoptera Bees, ants, wasps Narrow waist connects thorax & abdomen
Abdomen curved downward
May have stinger on end of abdomen
Carpenter bee
Red ant
Yellow jacket

36. Blattodea Cockroaches (active pests)
American cockroach-common & largest # species
Actually not native to America
Brought over on shipping vessels

37. Phasmida Stick & leaf insects Walking sticks – common Very camouflaged
With and without wings
Generally nocturnal
Feed on shrubs and trees
Stick insects – world wide (warm)
Leaf insects- rare (Australia)

38. Mantodea Praying mantis Named for “praying resemblance”
Preys on insects
Many species will stand tall & spread forelegs and fan out wings to appear larger when threatened

39. Insecta Review ?s set #2
11. What 2 characteristics signify a TRUE bug? What order are true bugs?
12. Differentiate the life span of a juvenile mayfly and that of an adult. Order?
13. Why is the Rhinoceros Beetle unique?
14. How are Lepidopterans important to plants?
15. What is unique about the 2nd pair of wings on a fly? Order?
16. What advantage do lacewings have for egg laying? Order?
17. Identify the 4 castes of termites. Order?
18. Describe the head of a scorpion fly. Order?
19. Differentiate the wings of a dragonfly and a damselfly. Order?
20. How are the wings of a cicada held? Order?

40. INSECT ORDERS
WINGLESS INSECTS

41. Thysanura Called Silverfish
Found around houses or outside under stones or wood
Fast runners
Damage books
Secretive and active at night.
Flat, long bodies
Long antennae
Three, long, tail like appendages

42. Siphonaptera Fleas Ectoparasites Bodies laterally compressed
Enlarged hind jumping legs
Very short antenna

44. Collembola Called springtails Small & soft bodied
Furcula (jumping mechanism) on abdomen
Furcula folds under the body at rest
Found in decaying plant material

45. Anoplura Sucking lice Singular = louse Parasites of mammals Very small
Head and body lice are examples
Attracted to children’s fine hair
Carry disease
Slow moving
Suck blood & have mouth parts specifically for that function
There are specific species of human lice

46. Mallophaga Biting lice External parasites on birds & mammals
Broad head & flattened body
Feed on dead skin, feathers, and fur
Move quickly
Mouth parts specifically for chewing

47. CHANGE IN FORM FROM EGG TO ADULT
Metamorphosis
CHANGE IN FORM FROM EGG TO ADULT

48. INCOMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS Insects change shape gradually!

49. Complete Metamorphosis Four stages that all look different

50. Amorphic Insects
Silverfish
Springtails

51. Insects with Complete Metamorphosis
EGG  LARVA  PUPA  ADULT
Coleoptera (beetles)
Hymenoptera (bees, ants, wasps)
Diptera (flies) Lepidoptera (butterflies)

52. Insects with Incomplete Metamorphosis
EGG  NYMPH  ADULT
Siphonaptera (fleas)
Isoptera (termites)
Orthoptera (grasshoppers & crickets)
Hemiptera (true bugs)
Homoptera (cicadas & hoppers)
Wings NOT fully developed

53. Hornet cooked by bees

54. FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY
the application and study of insect and other arthropod biology to criminal matters
primarily associated with death investigations
however it may also be used to:
detect drugs and poisons
determine the location of an incident
the length of a period of neglect in the elderly or children
the presence and time of the infliction of wounds