RISE & FALL OTTOMAN EMPIRE When you hear, “the Ottoman Empire”, What comes to mind? (What pops in your head?!?!)

Long Ago…  In the era following the Holy Crusades (C v. M) a new imperial power was established in the Western Asia; THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE  At its peak, the Ottomans controlled a very large landmass!  Responsible for origins of first era of globalization  First group to use Gunpowder in standard issue  Eliminated the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Emp.)

Ottoman Origins  Osman I (late 1200’s CE)  This represents the foundation of the Ottoman Empire  Osman I repels both Byzantine & Mongol attacks  Creates strong united tribe named Ottomans  Named after Osman

Ottoman Rise to Power  By the 1400’s, the Byzantine Empire had been declining for nearly two centuries.  Faced growing threat from nomadic groups migrating from Central Asia  Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey)  In 1453, the Ottomans surrounded the capital of Constantinople  During two month siege of the city, Ottoman gunpowder overcame the Christian city.  Constantinople was changed to Istanbul, the capital of the new Muslim Empire

Geographic Expansion  From 1453, Ottomans entered “the Great Age of Expansion”  Empire grew into Middle East, Egypt, the Balkans, & Russia  By the 1500’s, the Ottomans had created the largest empire in Afro-Eurasia  Ottoman Success Due to…  Military Technology (gunpowder cannons & muskets)\  Eliminates need for large horse mounted battalions

Conquest & Effect  Ottoman imperialism pushes further into Europe, Asia, and North African Coast  Control of Mediterranean controls what?  TRADE!  Europe’s response is to seek out new routes of trade to avoid Ottoman control

Golden Age  Suleiman the Magnificent rules  Becomes sultan after his father (Selim the Terrible)  Apex of Ottoman Power  Strengthened the government and justice system  Based on Islamic Law (Sharia)  Suleiman held absolute power, but made wise decisions and promoted grow!  Supported the Arts & Built many Mosques  Converted Hagia Sofia

Society in Golden Age  Tolerant rule over governed nations and diverse population  Millets- Groups of non- Muslims that were allowed to practice their beliefs as long as they paid their Ottoman rulers a tax!  Janissaries- Families (non-Muslim) were sometimes required to give up their sons to the government for military service. The most elite soldiers tended to come from Janissaries.  Empire implemented a four class social hierarchy  Men of the Pen – highly educated: scientists, lawyers, judges, & doctors  Men of the Sword- military personnel  Men of Negotiation- merchants, artisans, and tax collectors  Men of Husbandry- farmers and herders  (TOP CLASSES MADE UP OF ONLY MUSLIMS)

Decline and Collapse  17 th Century brought about era of decline  Ottoman Fight for Territory = Battles Won < Battles Lost  Russo- Turkish Wars + Crimean War  Both wars exhausted the already weakening Ottomans  1890’s Bring about uprising of nationalism & instability  Lacking military power/technology  Young Turk Revolution- (Constitution)

The Great War  The Ottomans sided with Germany during the onset of WWI  This relationship proved a failure  Britain dissolves the Ottoman Empire  (Treaty of Sevres)  the nation-state of Turkey is established

REVIEW  Despite its collapse in the aftermath of WWI, the Ottoman Empire was on of the World’s largest, longest lasting, and most successful empires in human history!  Strong/Innovative Military was unprecedented  Indirectly & Directly responsible for Age of Exploration  Brought an end to the Byzantine Empire  (Eastern Roman Empire/Orthodox)

World History Museum  When was the last time you visited a museum?  What did you see there?  Your Assignment…  Scenario- you are appointed the curator at Mr. Allen’s World History Museum. Your duty is to research and design a new exhibit for the “Ottoman Empire” wing of the building.  You will need to create a display window (poster) for your Ottoman Empire Exhibit & will be asked to give a brief “guided tour” of your display.  Select an aspect of Ottoman culture (ie society, military, leaders, economy). From there choose 3 artifacts to arrange and display. Each artifact must have a separate written identification explaining the significance of its inclusion in the exhibit.

Mr. Allen will be looking for…  Artifacts (3)- pictures, props, word art  Does your artifact reveal thought, preparation, and creativity? Do they accurately reflect your assigned cultural aspect?  Written Explanations (one for each artifact)-  Do the identifications reveal careful research? Do they include specific, accurate information? Do they appropriately explain their paired artifacts, it’s uses, and/or what it represents?  Overall Design  Is the overall design of your exhibit display thoughtful and creative? Is the display visually appealing?  Bibliography  Did you provide a list of sources from the materials you researched?

WWI EXAMPLE

Standards  WHG Growth of Islam and Dar al-Islam [A country, territory, land, or abode where Muslim sovereignty prevails] – Identify and explain the origins and expansion of Islam and the creation of the Islamic Empire including  The founding geographic extent of Muslim empires and the artistic, scientific, technological, and economic features of Muslim society.  WHG Ottoman Empire through the 18th Century – Analyze the major political, religious, economic, and cultural transformations in the Ottoman Empire by  using historical and modern maps to describe the empire’s origins (Turkic migrations), geographic  expansion, and contraction (National Geography Standard 13, p. 210)analyzing the impact of the Ottoman rule  WHG Increasing Global Interconnections – Describe increasing global interconnections between societies, through the emergence and spread of ideas, innovations, and commodities including.