Great Awakening = Religious Revival “one cannot be awakened unless you have fallen asleep” Why do the colonies need a religious revival?

In Response to Puritan belief in predestination Puritan belief in predestination Strictness Strictness New world individualism, optimism, and enterprise ($$$) New world individualism, optimism, and enterprise ($$$) Liberal ideas of Enlightment – appeal to those experiencing economic and social improvement – commercial farmers, merchants, growing middle class Liberal ideas of Enlightment – appeal to those experiencing economic and social improvement – commercial farmers, merchants, growing middle class

Revival Preachers Conservative clergymen were spiritually cold Conservative clergymen were spiritually cold Jonathan Edwards – “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” Jonathan Edwards – “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” –Congregational Church – Mass –People are helpless in hands of God – recognize and feel sins –Conversion is emotional experience of the heart – not the mind. Then one is open to Divine Spirit George Whitefield – Popular George Whitefield – Popular –Preached outdoors – charismatic –Emotional experience –Sinners who love Jesus will go to Heaven

Message Puritan piety of 1600’s had eroded Puritan piety of 1600’s had eroded Colonist prefer counting house to meeting house Colonist prefer counting house to meeting house Salvation open to all who appealed to God Salvation open to all who appealed to God Equal opportunity – all can share in God’s grace – equivalent to equal rights to share in the good life… Equal opportunity – all can share in God’s grace – equivalent to equal rights to share in the good life… Personal relationship with God Personal relationship with God Revival Meetings Revival Meetings No clergy to channel prayers No clergy to channel prayers Emotional Emotional Mission to Indians Mission to Indians

Second Great Awakening (1830s) Personal and emotional Personal and emotional Abolitionism (no slavery) Abolitionism (no slavery) Prison reform Prison reform Temperance Temperance Women’s suffrage (Voting) Women’s suffrage (Voting)

Impact Presbyterian, Baptists and Methodists grew especially in the South Presbyterian, Baptists and Methodists grew especially in the South Church of England and Puritan churches declines Church of England and Puritan churches declines Conservative ministers concerned – uneducated, unqualified men were preaching Conservative ministers concerned – uneducated, unqualified men were preaching New lights and Old lights New lights and Old lights Church attendance increased = Spiritual democracy Church attendance increased = Spiritual democracy Higher Education – Rutgers and Dartmouth Higher Education – Rutgers and Dartmouth

Salem Witch Trials Economic pressures between old and new Salem Economic pressures between old and new Salem Less to do with religion - more to do with social stratification Less to do with religion - more to do with social stratification Ludicrous accusations Ludicrous accusations

Impact on Humanitarian Spirit Slaves, Indians, poor – all a Christian concern Slaves, Indians, poor – all a Christian concern Blacks attending revivals and churches (Baptist) Blacks attending revivals and churches (Baptist) Growth of Black leadership Growth of Black leadership

AMERICAN RELIGION BECOMES MORE DEMOCRATIC How did the GA contribute to the development of separation of church and state in America?