The Romantic Movement Lecture~ 6 ( ) Objective~ Understand the characteristics of the Romantic Movement “Feeling is all!” A Growing Distrust of Reason

ROMANTICISM ~ N. Europe (Britain & Germany) Championed self- expression (personal) –Emotions, feelings, liberty of thought… –No clear style  More of a concept, state of mind  mix of past styles Portrayed dramatic & exotic subjects Influenced by political unrest  Fr. Rev. & Nap Reaction against Industrial Revolution (18 th ) Revolted against tradition & authority (Enlightenment) Art, poetry, Architectural style

Influence of the Romantic movement Rousseau~ Civilization corrupts (should have max. freedom) Emile –Rights of nature = rights of society Immanuel Kant~ human perceptions are the product of the mind’s own activity & sensory experiences –Categorical imperative ~ moral duty or awareness that all humans have

1) Neo-Gothicism Looking back at Middle Ages~ represented social stability & respect for religion –Fave- Medieval ruins The White Horse~ 1819 John Constable British Houses of Parliament

Salisbury Cathedral John Constable, 1831(England) Stable world (no political turmoil or industrial dev.) Church is dominate

2) Glorification of Nature & the Sublime (inspiring) Mysterious & unruly side of nature (horrifying/powerful) –Flair for landscape (wild & limitless) –Remote areas (no control of situation) –Individuals have unique, endless potential Artists are the true philosophers Peaceful, restorative qualities [escape from industrialization & the dehumanization it creates]

Wandering Above the Sea of Fog Caspar David Friedrich,1818 Sunset After a Storm On the Coast of Sicily – Andreas Achenbach, 1853

Nebel (Fog_ Caspar David Friedrich 1807 “Close your physical eyes in order that you may first see your painting with your spiritual eye. Then bring to the light of day what you have seen in the darkness so that it can affect others.” Caspar David Friedrich

The Raft of the Medusa Théodore Géricault, 1819 (France) Salvation V. Death & Humanity V. Nature

Shipwreck – Joseph Mallord Turner, 1805 (Britain) Nature = catastrophic force that overwhelms human beings

Turner – Cont. The Slave Ship 1842 Rain, Steam, and Speed The Great Western Railway 1844

3) The Supernatural  Ghosts, fairies, witches, demons  The shadows of the mind— dreams & madness  Rejected materialism in pursuit of spiritual self- awareness  Yearned for the unknown  Ghosts, fairies, witches, demons  The shadows of the mind— dreams & madness  Rejected materialism in pursuit of spiritual self- awareness  Yearned for the unknown Witches Sabbath Francisco Goya, (Spain)1798

Nightmare (The Incubus) Henry Fuseli, 1781 (German)

Francisco Goya The Third of May, (Spain)

Saturn Devours His Son Francisco Goya,

4) Interest in Exotic foreign lands  The sexy “other”  A sense of escape from reality  A psychological/moral justification of imperialism?  The sexy “other”  A sense of escape from reality  A psychological/moral justification of imperialism? The Sultan of Morocco & His Entourage Eugène Delacroix, 1845 (France)

5) Religion Religious faith= central to human life Methodism~ England mid 18 th cen. –John Wesley Stressed inward, heartfelt religion & the possibility of perfection in this life

William Blake, 1825 (Britain) God as the Architect ~ 1794 Body of Abel Found by Adam and Eve~ 1825

6) Nationalism Intense pride in one’s country World is the creation of humankind –strong people perceive the world in a particular way & impose their will on the world ~ ex. Nap –Justifies the will of “superior” peoples Nationalism big in Germany –Herder & Hegel Many saw the Ottoman Empire (Islam) as inferior

Liberty Leading the People. Eugène Delacroix, 1830

Novels   Gothic Novel: Jane Eyre - Charlotte Bronte (1847) Wuthering Heights - Emily Bronte (1847)  Historical Novel: Ivanhoe - Sir Walter Scott (1819) Les Miserables - Victor Hugo (1862) The Three Musketeers – Alexander Dumas (1844)   Gothic Novel: Jane Eyre - Charlotte Bronte (1847) Wuthering Heights - Emily Bronte (1847)  Historical Novel: Ivanhoe - Sir Walter Scott (1819) Les Miserables - Victor Hugo (1862) The Three Musketeers – Alexander Dumas (1844)

More Novels….  Science Fiction Novel: Frankenstein - Mary Shelley (1817) Dracula – Bramm Stoker (1897)  Novel of Purpose: Hugh Trevar - Thomas Holcroft (1794)  Science Fiction Novel: Frankenstein - Mary Shelley (1817) Dracula – Bramm Stoker (1897)  Novel of Purpose: Hugh Trevar - Thomas Holcroft (1794)

English Romantic Poets Samuel Taylor Coleridge~ artists imagination was God at work in the mind. William Woodsworth~ when one matures they lose their childlike vision & closeness to nature Lord Byron~ Skeptical & mocking even of his own beliefs –“Romantic Hero”

Extra Credit Recreate a piece of Romantic Art –Be sure you include the original artist, title of art, & characteristic of Romanticism Due next Wed