1. The Romantic Age, (1815 - 1848): The “Isms” - Europe Ideologically after the Congress of Vienna “Romanticism is the expression of man's urge to rise above reason and common sense, just as rationalism is the expression of his urge to rise above theology and emotion.” - Charles Yost

2. Overview Ideas will become more systematic during this period Not just philosophical musings Very organized and competing with other ideas Emergence of the social sciences Ideologies Nationalism Romanticism Classical Liberalism Radicalism, Republicanism, and Socialism Feminism Conservativism Humanitarianism

3. Nationalism

4. Nationalism Definition The “nation” is all important, not the ruler Inherently a revolutionary idea, feared by all Artists search for what their “nation” means

5. Nationalism in Germany Humiliation of French defeats Herder - Volkgeist Reforms in Prussia Baron Stein Hegel Illuminati German Confederation in 1820

6. Nationalism in Italy Giuseppe MazziniItaly in 1859

7. Romanticism

8. Romanticism Love of the unclassifiable Spiritual depth Opposed to the Enlightenment Human emotions are the most important Civilization is corrupting Nature is all powerful Science is dangerous! Industrialization is bad Rural life is good! Nationalism Romantic Novels & Poets Neo-Gothic Architecture Wander Above the Sea of Fog by Caspar David Friedrich

9. The Dreamer Gaspar David Friedrich, 1835

10. Tree of Crows Caspar David Friedrich, 1822

11. The Wreck of the Hope (aka The Sea of Ice) Caspar David Friedrich, 1821

12. Winter Landscape with Church Gaspar David Friedrich, 1811

13. Eldena Ruin Gaspar David Friedrich, 1825

14. Flatford Mill – John Constable, 1817

15. The Hay Wain - John Constable, 1821

16. Stonehenge - John Constable, 1836

17. Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop’s Ground John Constable, 1825

18. Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows John Constable, 1831

19. Hadleigh Castle - John Constable, 1829

20. The Bullfight - Francisco Goya

21. Rain, Steam, and Speed Joseph Mallord William Turner, 1844

22. Rain, Steam, & Speed (details)‏

23. The Slave Ship Joseph Mallord William Turner, 1842

24. The Slave Ship (details)‏

25. Liberty Leading the People Eug è ne Delacroix, 1830

26. Napoleon at the St. Bernard Pass David, 1803

27. The Shooting of May 3, 1808 Francisco Goya, 1815

28. The Great Red Dragon and the Woman Clothed with the Sun William Blake, 1808-1810

29. God as the Architect - William Blake, 1794

30. Witches Sabbath Francisco Goya, 1798

31. Saturn Devours His Son Francisco Goya, 1819-1823

32. The Great Age of the Novel   Gothic Novel: Jane Eyre - Charlotte Bronte (1847) Wuthering Heights - Emily Bronte (1847) Historical Novel: Ivanhoe - Sir Walter Scott (1819) Les Miserables - Victor Hugo (1862) The Three Musketeers – Alexander Dumas (1844) ‏ Science Fiction Novel: Frankenstein - Mary Shelley (1817) Dracula – Bramm Stoker (1897

33. George Gordon’s (Lord Byron) Poem The Prisoner of Chillon

34. Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s Poem, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner

35. British Houses of Parliament 1840-1865

36. The Royal Pavillion at Brighton John Nash, 1815-1823

37. Classical Liberalism Ideas of the business class Beliefs Free press & assembly Tolerant of religion Constitutional monarchy Laissez-faire John Stuart Mill

38. English Radicalism Jeremy Bentham Return to the roots of society Totally reconstruct society and government Universal male suffrage

39. Republicanism English Radicalism on the Continent Anti-clerical Fans of the First French Republic – Reign of Terror folks Wanted republics, not monarchs

40. Socialism Robert Owen Count de Saint-Simon Louis Blanc Charles Fourier Republicanism with an economic edge Economic system too chaotic Must be regulated Anti-laissez faire State sponsored “workshops” - i.e. factories & companies

41. Feminism Florence Nightengale

42. Conservatism Edmund Burke Prince Klemens von Metternich Gradual Adaptation of society Maintain the status quo – No nationalism – No republics – monarchies – Adhered to by nobility and monarchs Fear of the French Revolution

43. Humanitarianism Sense of cruelty inflicted upon others Torture is gone Prisons, asylums, and government agencies improved Enlightenment ideas still strong

44. Summary Nationalism began to appear Romanticism Rejected Neo-Classicism and the Enlightenment Connected to Nationalism Radicals, Socialists, and Republicans mixed ideas Feminism began Conservatives rejected all of this