An Intro to Exercise Physiology

Everything starts with nerves…

Motor Learning Perfect technique must be practiced Do the most important things at the start of practice Highly technical items can be dangerous if done while tired Examples – Olympic Lifting – Last part of routines – What is the point of the workout… – 21 days to a new technique and 10,000 hours to perfect – Make sure the athlete is physically able

Muscle Review Type 1 – Oxidative, “slow twitch”, red muscle – Long duration activities Type 2a – Fast twitch oxidative, white muscle – Moderately fatigue resistant fast twitch Type 2b – Super fast twitch, white muscle – Fatigue instantly

Questions that we may have the answers to…??? When are each of those muscle types used? Can you train to have more slow twitch muscle fibres? Can you train to have more fast twitch muscle fibres? Does the ratio of fast and slow twitch fibres you had at birth affect what you can do in life?

What does you body use for energy Carbs, Fats and Proteins – what we eat Glucose – what our food is broken down into ATP – all our working muscles really care about

Exercise happens in the Cell What do you know about the cell… What in the cell is important for energy… Why is the title statement for this slide correct…

The Chemistry of Energy Production Energy in the human body is derived from the breakdown of complex nutrients like carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The end result of this breakdown is production of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecule. ATP provides energy necessary for body functions Carbohydrates Fats Proteins ATP Muscular Work Digesting Food Thermoregulation Breakdown ofEnergy currencyBiochemical processes

The Energy Continuum All your energy systems derive ATP You are always using all 3 of your energy systems You have the ability to quickly switch from one fuel source to another You can train your body to use some of your fuel sources better than they originally were being used

So exactly where does this energy come from? Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 +6O ADP + 36P 6CO2 + 36ATP + 6H 2 0

ATP Cycle Overview a) ATP breakdown b) Phosphorylation c) ATP resynthesis

1. Hydrolysis of the unstable phosphate groups of ATP molecule by H 2 O 3. Energy is released (38-42 kJ, or 9-10kcal/ mol ATP) ATP H2OH2O+Energy+P+ 2. Phosphate molecule (P) is released from ATP (ATP ADP) ADP a) ATP breakdown (ATP turnover)

1. Energy released by ATP turnover can be used by body when a free P group is transferred to another molecule (phosphorylation) Energy for muscle contraction Molecule P+ b) Phosphorylation

1.Initial stores of ATP in the muscles are used up very quickly and ATP must be regenerated 2. ATP is formed by recombination of ADP and P ATP ADP Energy+P+ 3. Regeneration of ATP requires energy (from breakdown of food molecules) c) ATP resynthesis

Energy Pathways

The Energy Systems a)the high energy phosphate system b) the anaerobic glycolytic system c) the aerobic oxidative system

The Roles of the Three Energy Systems in Competitive Sport