Aim: How does DNA store the genetic information? DNA.

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Presentation transcript:

Aim: How does DNA store the genetic information? DNA

What is DNA? Carries the instructions for cell activities Deoxyribonucleic acid

Nucleic Acids DNA or RNA Nucleotides Phosphate Sugar Base

Griffith’s Experiment: Harmless strain of bacteria were “transformed” into a deadly strain and killed the mice. Griffith called the substance the “transforming factor”.

Avery’s Experiment: Was the transforming factor Protein or DNA? Heat treated deadly strain + harmless strain + protein destroying enzymes  Transformed Bacteria Heat treated deadly strain + harmless strain + DNA destroying enzymes  Bacteria did not Transform Concluded that DNA is the genetic material of the cell.

Hershey & Chase Experiment: Bacteriophage When only the phage protein coats were labeled, most of the radioactivity was detected outside the cell. When the phage DNA was labeled, most of the radioactivity was detected inside the cells.

What are these instructions? GENES How did we get our genes?

Where are genes found? Genes chromosomes nucleus (Smallest) (Largest)

How does DNA make up our chromosomes?

What do our genes give us? Our characteristics or traits

How many genes do we have? ~30,000 on ______ chromosomes 46

How does DNA carry the genes? The structure of DNA allows it to carry the genetic code It is a double helix made of repeating nucleotides

What is a nucleotide made of? Deoxyribose 4 types Subunits of DNA

What bases make up the DNA ladder rungs? Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine (pyrimidine) (purine)

How do the bases pair up? All …. Teachers Go …. Crazy

What holds the DNA base pairs together? Weak hydrogen bonds 3 Hydrogen Bonds 2 Hydrogen Bonds

What in the DNA is unique in all organisms? The base sequence

What part of DNA carries the genetic code? The base sequence holds the genetic code. Each organism has a different sequence of bases

Let’s review Where is DNA found? What determines our traits? Where are genes located? What part of DNA carries the genetic code? Genes

1 Gene = 1 Protein

ALL TEACHERS GO CRAZY

SEMI CONSERVATIVE REPLICATION ONE OLD STRAND & ONE NEW STRAND

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