Mr. Schoff

 Varangians appeared ▪ Russians used this word for Vikings ▪ Olga, Vladimir names connected

 Cyrillic Alphabet developed  Two Greek monks Cyril and Methodius  Wanted to translate the Bible into Slavic language  Became written script for Russia

 Princess Olga of Kiev converted to Christianity  Influences the rest of Russia to convert  Spread Christianity throughout Russia

 Yaroslav the Wise ruled Kiev  Golden Age under him  Arranged marriages, written law code like Justinian, translated Greek into his own language

 Kiev declined  Russian trade weakened from Byzantine downturn  Families battled for throne ▪ Mongols ended the struggle!

 Golden Horde invaded Russia  Named that from the color of their tents  Leader was Genghiz Khan, “World Emperor”  Ruled Russia for next 240 years ▪ Heavy tributes, but tolerant, trade increased, peace between China-E. Europe, but cut off from W. Europeans’ advances in arts and sciences

 Moscow defeated Golden Horde  Battle of Kulikovo  Mongols power faded

 Ivan III (the Great) ruled Moscow  Recovered Russian lands from Slavs  Built framework for absolute rule  Took title of czar ▪ Like the highest God

 Ivan IV (the Terrible) began reign of terror  Grandson of Ivan the Great  Extreme absolute rule – unstable, killed his own son, violent, destroyed towns that were unsupportive  Oprichniki – agents of terror, black robes, black horses, dogs’ head + broom

 Time of Troubles  Peasant uprisings, succession disputes, foreign invasions

 Michael Romanov elected czar  17 years old  Established long-lasting Romanov dynasty, didn’t end until 1917