1.Take in energy from environment. 2.Grow and develop. 3.Reproduce. 4.Respond to stimuli. 5.Adapt to environment. 6.Made of cells or a cell.

Cells are the basic unit of life. EVERY living thing is made up of cells. Cells come in many sizes and shapes, but each cell has a specific function in your body.

Cellular respiration, is the process in which cells produce the energy they need to survive. In cellular respiration, cells use oxygen to break down the sugar (glucose) and store its energy.

There are two types of cells: 1. Prokaryotic cells – have NO nucleus. 2. Eukaryotic cells – have a nucleus.

Cells are made up of different parts and each part has its own job. Parts of the cell are known as organelles. Animal and plant cells are different!

ALL cells have an outer covering called a cell membrane. This protects the cell and holds it together. The cell membrane allows nutrients, water, and oxygen to enter cells and wastes to leave.

EVERY cell has a clear, thick gel that organelles float in known as cytoplasm.

U sually the largest organelle in a cell. D irects ALL cell activities (growth, making new cells) C ontains DNA. T he nucleus is like the cell’s brain.

The nucleolus is found in the nucleus and produces ribosomes which move out of the nucleus and onto the rough ER.

Ribosomes make proteins for the cell. Some float freely in the cytoplasm and others are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Known as the “ER” and extends from the nucleus to the cell membrane. The ER is a series of folded membranes where materials can be processed and moved around the inside of the cell. It is the transporter system of cells. May be rough or smooth.

The smooth ER acts as a storage organelle - stores steroids and ions. NO ribosomes.

The rough ER is where ribosomes can be found.

After proteins are made in a cell, they are transferred to the golgi bodies. The golgi bodies sort proteins and other cellular substances and package them into vesicles.

Vesicles deliver cellular substances to areas inside the cell and also carry them to the cell membrane where they can be released outside of the cell.

Mitochondria are organelles that release energy (ATP) from breaking down food into carbon dioxide and water.

Vacuoles are sacs that store things, such as food and water for the cell to discard. They also store wastes for the cell to discard.

Lysosomes are vesicles that digest (break down) things. They digest food and breakdown the cell when it dies.

The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers found in the cytoplasm that give the cell structure and helps them maintain their shape.

Plant cells are different than animal cells because in addition to all the animal cell organelles, they have chloroplasts and a cell wall.

Chloroplasts are responsible for making food for the plant. They contain a pigment known as chlorophyll, which gives plants their green color. Chlorophyll captures light energy and uses it to make sugar (food).

Cell walls are tough, rigid outer coverings that protect the cell and give it shape. Mostly made of a carbohydrate called cellulose.

Cells  tissues  organs  organ systems  organisms