HEALTH ECONOMICS Health Econ. 14: 851–867 (2005) AIDS education, condom demand, and the sexual activity of American youth.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Sexual behaviour Additional module for inclusion in countries where HIV/AIDS is a potential concern (includes MDG indicator 19a) Womens questionnaire (ages.

Advertisements

Your Behavior and Reducing Health Risks

STD Risk Behaviors of Incarcerated Youth Angela Robertson and Connie Baird-Thomas Mississippi State University This work was funded by the National Institute.

Teenage Pregnancy… An educator's role in prevention

Income and Child Development Lawrence Berger, University of Wisconsin Christina Paxson, Princeton University Jane Waldfogel, Columbia Univerity.

Domestic Violence, Parenting, and Behavior Outcomes of Children Chien-Chung Huang Rutgers University.

Asthma Prevalence in the United States

SPECIAL POPULATIONS Key Considerations for Youth.

National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) HIV/AIDS: Knowledge, Stigma, and Behaviour.

Carl E. Bentelspacher, Ph.D., Department of Social Work Lori Ann Campbell, Ph.D., Department of Sociology Michael Leber Department of Sociology Southern.

Robert Wm. Blum, MD, MPH, PhD Center for Adolescent Health & Development WHO Collaborating Centre on Adolescent Health University of Minnesota Prepared.

HIV/AIDS Major effects on women and children in developing countries.

Lesson 3 Part of becoming an adult is learning how to make responsible decisions. Remember, the choices you make during adolescence can affect your health.

Women, Interpersonal Violence (IPV) & HIV Challenges and Opportunities.

Rusty Bennett 9 th Grade Health. STDs are diseases that you get by having sexual contact (vaginal, oral, or anal) with someone who already has an STD.

Kenya’s Youth Today From the 2003 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey.

Patterns of Age Mixing and Sexually Transmitted Infections Julie Kraut-Becher University of Pennsylvania Sevgi O. Aral Division of STD Prevention, CDC.

 Where are we today:  National  Minnesota  New Tools to End HIV  Marriage Equality and Ending HIV  A Call to Action.

The Body of Power Dr. Kimberly Brodie Health Behavior Theory MPH 515 Sara Quale Dec. 16, 2013 Combatting the Spread of Sexually Transmitted Disease in.

Sex, Contraception and Abortion ……… in the executive boardroom????

Monitoring the effects of ARV treatment programmes on prevention Gabriel Mwaluko 1, Mark Urassa,2, John Changalucha,2, Ties Boerma 3 1 TANESA Project,

Midwest AIDS Training & Education Center Health Care Education & Training, Inc. HIV/AIDS Case-Finding In Family Planning Clinics.

HIV/AIDS Chapter 21 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Acquired immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (Pg 496)

STIs/HIV/AIDS. ( 2 ) Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are spread primarily through sexual contact and are among the most common diseases in the.

FRAMEWORK FOR COMBATING HIV/AIDS By THE LEAN AND MEAN GREEN TEAM.

Meagan Hatton Medical Geography 4120 Dr. Oppong Image Source-

Building Relationships of Openness and Trust With Your Children.

Economics 172 Issues in African Economic Development Lecture 11 February 21, 2006.

1 Joyce Abma and Gladys Martinez Adolescent Sexual Risk Behaviors and Reproductive Health: Data from the National Survey of Family Growth, 2002 National.

Racial Disparities in Antiretroviral Therapy Use and Viral Suppression among Sexually Active HIV-infected Men who have Sex with Men— United States, Medical.

HIV and STI Department, Health Protection Agency - Colindale HIV and AIDS Reporting System HIV in the United Kingdom: 2012 Overview.

HIV Prevention Programs That Work Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

. Relationship between Types of Sex Education and High Risk Sexual Behavior Andrea M. Anderson & Kaitlyn Harlander Advised by: Susan Wolfgram, Ph.D. University.

HIV/AIDS Education Impact on Risky Adolescent Sexual Behaviors across Racial Groups Seventh National Conference on Quality Health Care for Culturally Diverse.

Adolescent Reproductive Health. Adolescent Reproductive Health, USA 870,000 teens became pregnant in 1997 Just under 500,000 births 75-80% teen moms unmarried.

The Effectiveness of Alternative Teaching Styles of Sexual Education Abstinence-Only versus Comprehensive Education Aidan McGloine, CJ Bascom, Eric Youncofski,

HIV/AIDS Epidemic Disproportionately Affects Women.

Risk and the Residential Environment: Prior Homelessness as a Predictor of HIV Risk among Adults Living in Single Room Occupancy Housing Elizabeth Bowen,

Reasoned Abstinence Plus Focus group: y/o Female Hispanic and African American RAP will be presented for implementation to the SHAC of zip codes:

Abstinence-ONLY Abstinence-only education is a valued based pedagogy Teaches sexual activity outside of marriage is harmful Prohibition on discussing contraceptive.

Brianna Loeck Principles of Health Behavior - MPH 515 Kimberly Brodie August 22, 2013 Educate Prevent Sexually Transmitted Diseases & Teen Pregnancy.

Increasing Women’s Contraceptive Use in Myanmar Using Empowerment & Social Marketing Strategies By: Michelle Santos MPH 655 Dr. Rhonda Sarnoff May 2, 2013.

BISEXUAL CONCURRENCY,BISEXUAL PARTNESHIPS,AND HIV AMONG SOUTHERN AFRICA MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN (MSM) Presenter: Gift Trapence Organisation: Centre for.

KEY INDICATORS SURVEY (KIS) TOOL. KIS Tool Objective Principally developed to meet M&E needs for data for small areas—regions, districts, project catchment.

Sexual Intercourse Among Young Teens Created by:Mat Marchildon and Lesley Utting.

Sexual Risk Behaviors. Percentage of High School Students Who Ever Had Sexual Intercourse, by Type of Grades Earned (Mostly A’s, B’s, C’s or D’s/F’s),

Drawing the Line Learning About HIV and AIDS Prevention Lesson 3.

2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey Results Alaska High School Survey Grades 9-12 Alaska Division of Public Health Weighted Data Sexual Behaviors.

Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) Surveillance Report, 2008 Minnesota Department of Health STD Surveillance System Minnesota Department of Health STD.

The Geography of HIV in Harris County, Texas,

Lesson 3 Part of becoming an adult is learning how to make responsible decisions. Remember, the choices you make during adolescence can affect your health.

1 No glove, no love: Why California’s ethnic youth report using contraception Shelly Koenemann, MPH Marlena Kuruvilla, MPH/MSW Michelle Barenbaum, MPH.

Allie Lyman.  Incidence and Prevalence  Risk Factors and Barriers to Prevention  Prevention  Conclusion.

The Influence of Dyadic Partnerships on Condom Use among Male to Female Transgender (Waria) in Yogyakarta Indonesia Ignatius Praptoraharjo, Judith A. Levy,

Research Ethics Kenny Ajayi October 6, 2008 Global Poverty and Impact Evaluation.

Stephen Nkansah-Amankra, PhD, MPH, MA 1, Abdoulaye Diedhiou, MD, PHD, H.L.K. Agbanu, MPhil, Curtis Harrod, MPH, Ashish Dhawan, MD, MSPH 1 University of.

1 Determinants of women's autonomy over sexual behaviors within marital relationships in contemporary Vietnam Hongyun Fu, MA Mai Do, MD, DrPH Lung Duy.

Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2011 HIV/AIDS Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviour.

Jan Risser, Paige Padgett, Jane Richards (UT SPH) Hafeez Rehman, Marcia Wolverton (HDHHS)

HIV and AIDS Data Hub for Asia-Pacific 11 HIV and AIDS Data Hub for Asia-Pacific Review in slides India.

Correlates of HIV testing among youth in three high prevalence Caribbean Countries Beverly E. Andrews, Doctoral Candidate University.

Associations Between Recent Gender- Based Violence and Pregnancy, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Condom Use Practices, and Negotiation of Sexual Practices.

Trends in HIV-Related Risk Behaviors Among U.S. Adolescents: Is Progress Stalling? Laura Kann, Ph.D. Lexi Balaji, Ph.D. Richard Lowry, M.D. Nancy Brener,

Linkages between Criminalization of HIV Transmission, Gender Inequalities and Human Rights, Nakuru, Kenya Author(s): Ndegwa Mutiga, Paul Moses 1 1 Ambassadors.

HIV Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors

Claudia L. Moreno, Ph.D., MSW

Attachment style and condom use across and within dating relationships

Data Hub for Asia-Pacific

Adolescent STD Prevention: Assembling the Pieces into Practical Approaches to Prevention Lisa M. Henry-Reid, MD Chair, Division of Adolescent and Young.

Presentation transcript:

HEALTH ECONOMICS Health Econ. 14: 851–867 (2005) AIDS education, condom demand, and the sexual activity of American youth

Question of Interest How does AIDS education affect the sexual behavior of young people? How does AIDS education affect the sexual behavior of young people? ChoicesChoices Abstinence-Intercourse Decision Abstinence-Intercourse Decision Condom Decision Condom Decision

Literature Public health literature: AIDS education appears to discourage unprotected intercourse. Public health literature: AIDS education appears to discourage unprotected intercourse. Economics literature on sex and AIDS education has mixed results. Economics literature on sex and AIDS education has mixed results.

Theoretical Framework Individual will maximize the expected value of utility by choosing 1 of 3 options: Individual will maximize the expected value of utility by choosing 1 of 3 options: AbstinenceAbstinence Intercourse with a condomIntercourse with a condom Intercourse without a condomIntercourse without a condom

Expected value of each option depends on Expected value of each option depends on Perceived probability of acquiring HIVPerceived probability of acquiring HIV Net utility in the present periodNet utility in the present period PV of expected future net utilityPV of expected future net utility If AIDS education affects any of these factors, an individual’s choice may be affected. If AIDS education affects any of these factors, an individual’s choice may be affected.

AIDS education may influence an individual’s choice by: AIDS education may influence an individual’s choice by: Affecting utilityAffecting utility Altering risksAltering risks Revealing risksRevealing risks

Types of AIDS Education Utility-altering: Utility-altering: Conveys social acceptance of intercourse, raising relative utility of intercourse and the probability of intercourse. Risk-altering: Risk-altering: Teaches safer sex methods, reducing the expected costs of intercourse, and increasing the probability of intercourse.Teaches safer sex methods, reducing the expected costs of intercourse, and increasing the probability of intercourse. Increases the probability of condom use.Increases the probability of condom use.

Risk-revealing: Risk-revealing: Raises awareness of the risk and costs of HIV infection, reducing the likelihood of intercourse.Raises awareness of the risk and costs of HIV infection, reducing the likelihood of intercourse. Increases the probability of condom use.Increases the probability of condom use. Implication: The net impact of AIDS education on sexual behavior is indeterminate a priori. Implication: The net impact of AIDS education on sexual behavior is indeterminate a priori.

Empirical Strategy Model: Multinomial Logit Model: Multinomial Logit Data Data National Health Interview Survey-Youth Risk Behavior Supplement 1992National Health Interview Survey-Youth Risk Behavior Supplement ,156 Americans aged ,156 Americans aged 14-22

Dependent Variable Y = 0 if the individual abstained for at least 3 months prior to the interview (mean = 0.50) Y = 0 if the individual abstained for at least 3 months prior to the interview (mean = 0.50) Y = 1 if she/he had intercourse in the last 3 months and a condom was used at most recent intercourse Y = 1 if she/he had intercourse in the last 3 months and a condom was used at most recent intercourse (mean = 0.22) Y = 2 if he/she had intercourse in the last 3 months but no condom was used at most recent intercourse (mean = 0.28) Y = 2 if he/she had intercourse in the last 3 months but no condom was used at most recent intercourse (mean = 0.28)

AIDS Education Variables SCHOOL = 1 if he/she studied AIDS at school but did not discuss AIDS at home with a parent or adult family member (= 0 otherwise) SCHOOL = 1 if he/she studied AIDS at school but did not discuss AIDS at home with a parent or adult family member (= 0 otherwise) HOME = 1 if she/he discussed AIDS with an adult at home but did not study AIDS at school (= 0 otherwise) HOME = 1 if she/he discussed AIDS with an adult at home but did not study AIDS at school (= 0 otherwise) BOTH = 1 if he/she studied AIDS at school and discussed it with an adult in the home (= 0 otherwise) BOTH = 1 if he/she studied AIDS at school and discussed it with an adult in the home (= 0 otherwise)

Control Variables RACE RACE HISP (Hispanic origin) HISP (Hispanic origin) FEM (female) FEM (female) NEVMAR (never-married) NEVMAR (never-married) CCITY (central city residence) CCITY (central city residence) INCOME (family income) INCOME (family income) ED (grades completed) ED (grades completed) PREV (prevalence of AIDS in the state of residence) PREV (prevalence of AIDS in the state of residence) AGE AGE Set of geographic division variables Set of geographic division variables

Samples for Estimation Total Sample Total Sample Young Men Young Men Young Women Young Women Young Teens (14-17) Young Teens (14-17) Young Adults (18-22) Young Adults (18-22)

Results

Results AIDS education does not significantly reduce the probability of abstinence in any sample. AIDS education does not significantly reduce the probability of abstinence in any sample. The probability of condom-protected intercourse is significantly higher when AIDS information comes from both home and school for the total sample, the young women sample, and the young adult sample. The probability of condom-protected intercourse is significantly higher when AIDS information comes from both home and school for the total sample, the young women sample, and the young adult sample. The impact of AIDS education on unprotected sex is negative, but not significant, in 13 of 15 cases. The impact of AIDS education on unprotected sex is negative, but not significant, in 13 of 15 cases.

Results These results imply that if there are any utility- enhancing effects of AIDS education, they are outweighed by risk-altering and risk-revealing effects. These results imply that if there are any utility- enhancing effects of AIDS education, they are outweighed by risk-altering and risk-revealing effects.

Conclusion We find that educating young people about AIDS encourages safer sex, but does not promote sex. This indicates that AIDS education may be an effective policy tool for impeding the spread of AIDS. We find that educating young people about AIDS encourages safer sex, but does not promote sex. This indicates that AIDS education may be an effective policy tool for impeding the spread of AIDS.