Homosapien Development

During most of their 60,000-year existence, humans were hunter-gatherers. Their environmental impact was limited and local During most of their 60,000-year existence, humans were hunter-gatherers. Their environmental impact was limited and local Mobile Mobile Small tribes families Small tribes families Covered large areas. Covered large areas. Sustainable Sustainable Higher quality of life Higher quality of life Advanced medical knowledge Advanced medical knowledge

agricultural revolution The agricultural revolution began 10,000 to 12,000 years ago. The agricultural revolution began 10,000 to 12,000 years ago. Early growers relied on slash-and-burn cultivation and shifting cultivation, which had a low environmental impact. Early growers relied on slash-and-burn cultivation and shifting cultivation, which had a low environmental impact. More advanced agriculture has increased food supplies More advanced agriculture has increased food supplies Rotating crops Rotating crops Beans-add nutrients-Corn takes nutrients Beans-add nutrients-Corn takes nutrients Irrigation Irrigation Animal Husbandry Animal Husbandry Selection of docile animals Selection of docile animals

slash-and-burn cultivation Cutting down trees and other vegetation in a patch of forest, leaving the cut vegetation on the ground to dry, and then burning it. Cutting down trees and other vegetation in a patch of forest, leaving the cut vegetation on the ground to dry, and then burning it. The ashes that are left add nutrients to the nutrient-poor soils found in most tropical forest areas. Crops are planted between tree stumps. The ashes that are left add nutrients to the nutrient-poor soils found in most tropical forest areas. Crops are planted between tree stumps. Plots must be abandoned after a few years (typically 2&endash;5 years) because of loss of soil fertility or invasion of vegetation from the Plots must be abandoned after a few years (typically 2&endash;5 years) because of loss of soil fertility or invasion of vegetation from the The abandoned plot cannot successfully grow crops for years The abandoned plot cannot successfully grow crops for years

Agriculture-raising food Pros Pros More people More people Know what you are going to eat Know what you are going to eat You don’t have to move You don’t have to move Cities, Technology, Art, Commerce Cities, Technology, Art, Commerce Irrigation Irrigation Cons Cons Susceptible to the environment Susceptible to the environment Class and race inequality Class and race inequality Decreased knowledge of medicine Decreased knowledge of medicine Greater infant mortality Greater infant mortality

shifting cultivation Clearing a plot of ground in a forest, especially in tropical areas, and planting crops on it for a few years (typically 2-5 years) until the soil is depleted of nutrients or the plot has been invaded by a dense growth of vegetation from the surrounding forest. Clearing a plot of ground in a forest, especially in tropical areas, and planting crops on it for a few years (typically 2-5 years) until the soil is depleted of nutrients or the plot has been invaded by a dense growth of vegetation from the surrounding forest. Then a new plot is cleared and the process is repeated. Then a new plot is cleared and the process is repeated. The abandoned plot cannot successfully grow crops for years The abandoned plot cannot successfully grow crops for years

The industrial-medical revolution began in England in the mid-1700s and spread to the United States in the 1800s. The industrial-medical revolution began in England in the mid-1700s and spread to the United States in the 1800s.

industrial-medical revolution Use of new sources of energy from fossil fuels and later from nuclear fuels, and use of new technologies, to grow food and manufacture products Use of new sources of energy from fossil fuels and later from nuclear fuels, and use of new technologies, to grow food and manufacture products

We are currently in the midst of a new cultural shift, the information and globalization revolution. We are currently in the midst of a new cultural shift, the information and globalization revolution.

information and globalization revolution Use of new technologies such as the telephone, radio, television, computers, the Internet, automated databases, and remote sensing satellites to enable people to have increasingly rapid access to much more information on a global scale Use of new technologies such as the telephone, radio, television, computers, the Internet, automated databases, and remote sensing satellites to enable people to have increasingly rapid access to much more information on a global scale

The Early Conservation Era ( ) Gifford Pinchot 1900 –Natural lands may have many uses. Gifford Pinchot 1900 –Natural lands may have many uses. Aldo Leopold-1900-The natural lands need to stay natural. Aldo Leopold-1900-The natural lands need to stay natural.

Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt's term of office has been called the country's "Golden Age of Conservation." He established the first National Wildlife Refuge, created the National Forest Service, and used the 1906 Antiquities Act to protect the Grand Canyon and other areas that later became National Parks. Theodore Roosevelt's term of office has been called the country's "Golden Age of Conservation." He established the first National Wildlife Refuge, created the National Forest Service, and used the 1906 Antiquities Act to protect the Grand Canyon and other areas that later became National Parks.

FDR-1930s New deal. New deal. Created parks to generate jobs. Created parks to generate jobs.

Environmental History of the United States: The Environmental Era ( )

Silent Spring In 1962, Rachel Carson published Silent Spring, which contributed to the beginning of the modern environmental movement. The 1960s saw an increased awareness of the science of ecology. In 1962, Rachel Carson published Silent Spring, which contributed to the beginning of the modern environmental movement. The 1960s saw an increased awareness of the science of ecology.

Nixon The first annual Earth Day was held in 1970, the same year that The first annual Earth Day was held in 1970, the same year that Richard Nixon established the Environmental Protection Agency Richard Nixon established the Environmental Protection Agency Nixon also supported the passage of the Endangered Species Act of Nixon also supported the passage of the Endangered Species Act of 1973.

Carter Jimmy Carter (president ) created a Department of Energy and a Superfund to clean up hazardous waste. Jimmy Carter (president ) created a Department of Energy and a Superfund to clean up hazardous waste.

Reagan/Bush 1 The administrations of Ronald Reagan and George Bush, Sr. allowed some environmental laws to be undercut and supported exploitation of resources on public lands. The administrations of Ronald Reagan and George Bush, Sr. allowed some environmental laws to be undercut and supported exploitation of resources on public lands.

Clinton During Bill Clinton's administration ( ), environmentalists were appointed to key positions During Bill Clinton's administration ( ), environmentalists were appointed to key positions

Al Gore 2006 Created a movie about global warming- Has as strong effect on the population as silent spring. Created a movie about global warming- Has as strong effect on the population as silent spring.