Cell Organelles Section 3.3

Organelles  An organelle is a small structure inside a cell that performs a specific function.  Literally means “little organ”  Nucleus  Ribosome  Endoplasmic Reticulum  Vesicle  Golgi Apparatus  Mitochondria  Vacuole  Cell wall  Central Vacuole  Chloroplast

Nucleus  Controls most functions of a eukaryotic cell  Holds the DNA that codes for hereditary information  Nucleolus – part of the nucleus that makes ribosomes

Ribosomes  Ribosome – where proteins are made.  Float freely in the cytoplasm and are attached to the endoplasmic reticulcum to form “rough ER”  Ribosomes are THE ONLY ORGANELLE that is found in the cytoplasm of bacteria cells.

Endoplasmic Reticulum  ER – extensive network of internal membranes that move proteins and other substances through the cell  Rough ER – has ribosomes attached to it and appears rough in the electron microscope  Transports proteins that are made by its ribosomes  Smooth ER – lacks ribosomes and appears smooth in the electron microscope

Vesicle  Small membrane–bound sac that transports substances in cells

Golgi Apparatus  Set of flattened, membrane–bound discs that serves as the packaging and distribution center of the cell.  Like the UPS or FedEx of the cell  Enzymes inside the Golgi apparatus modify the proteins that are received in the vesicle from the ER.

Mitochondria  Mitochondria – considered the “Power House” of the cell. It is the site where chemical energy in food is converted into the cellular form of energy called ATP.  Cells that have high–energy requirements, like muscle cells, may contain hundreds or thousands of mitochondria!  Has an outer smooth membrane, and a inner membrane that is folded in on itself.

Check out my mitochondria!

Vacuole  Vacuoles – storage areas of the cell  store things like salt, water, proteins, & carbohydrates

Animal Cells  There are a few important differences between plant and animal cells.  Animal cells have:  Smaller vacuoles  No chloroplasts  No cell walls

Plant Cells  Plant cells have:  Large vacuoles  Chloroplasts  Cell walls

Unique Features of Plant Cells  Cell wall – helps support and maintain the shape of the cell and protects the cell from damage

 Chloroplast – use light energy to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water  Chloroplast (green pigment)  Leucoplast (white pigment)  Chromoplast (red pigment) Unique Features of Plant Cells

 Central vacuole – stores water. When plants go into water stress, they lose the water in the central vacuole which results in wilting.

Unique Features of Plant Cells  Which of the cells below look most like the cells in this plant?  Good. Can you figure out what hypertonic means?

What Have You Learned?  Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is NOT true? A. They are primitive B. Bacteria is an example C. They contain ribosomes D. Their DNA is found inside a nucleus

What Have You Learned?  What type of cell is shown below? A. Prokaryotic cell B. Eukaryotic cell C. Bacteria cell D. Both A and C are correct

What Have You Learned?  Where are proteins made within a cell? A. Mitochondria B. Ribosome C. Nucleus D. Vacuole

What Have You Learned?  This is where ATP is produced in a cell. A. Mitochondria B. Ribosome C. Nucleus D. Vacuole

What Have You Learned?  This is where DNA is stored in a cell. A. Mitochondria B. Ribosome C. Nucleus D. Vacuole

What Have You Learned?  What organelle is shown in purple in the plant and animal cell below? A. Mitochondria B. Ribosome C. Nucleus D. Vacuole

What Have You Learned?  Why are vacuoles important to cells? A. They help remove waste B. They contain the DNA C. They are storage areas D. They are considered the “Powerhouse” of the cell.

What Have You Learned?  This organelle acts like a fence and regulates what can enter and leave the cell? A. Cell membrane B. Nucleus C. Mitochondria D. Ribosome

What Have You Learned?  What organelles are found in plant cells that are not found in animal cells? A. Cell wall, chloroplasts B. Cell wall, mitochondria C. Cell membrane, chloroplasts D. Cell membrane, mitochondria