CS 101 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING * image from The Central Eglinton Community Centre website

WHAT IS THE COMPUTER ???

THE COMPUTER It's an electronic device that manipulate information or "data". It has the ability to store, retrieve and process the data.

WHAT IS'T USED FOR ???

COMPUTER

COMPUTER TYPES

HARDWARE & SOFTWARE COMPUTERS COMONENTS Programs Word, photoshop…etc Devices Screen,keyboard…etc

DATA INSIDE THE COMPUTER Text Images Videos Audio This is called Data Processing

Computers as Data Processors A computer acts as a black box that accepts input data, processes the data, and creates output data. A computer acts as a black box that accepts input data, processes the data, and creates output data. Computer Input Data Output Data

DO YOU KNOW WHO CAME UP WITH THE IDEA OF THE COMPUTER ??? So..

ALAN TURING THE FATHER OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.

He was a British mathematician and computer scientist. He proposed that all computation could be performed by a special kind of machine called: Turing Machine ALAN TURING Alan Turing statue in Sackville Park, Manchester

TURING MACHINE Computer Input Data Output Data Program A Program is a set of instructions that tells the computer what to do with data. A Program is a set of instructions that tells the computer what to do with data.

Example Computer 1,1 2 SUM

Example

The Universal Turing Machine A machine that can do any computation if the appropriate program is provided. This was the first description of a modern computer.

So.. In Turing Model the data only stored in a memory inside the computer not the programs. Mr. Von Neuman The Hungarian and American mathematician proposed that programs should also be stored inside the memory of a computer.

The idea of VON NEUMAN MODEL Computer Input Data Output Data Program

VON NEUMAN MODEL Input Data Output Data Computer I / O ALU Control Unit Memory Computers today built based on the VON NEUMAN model

I/O accept input data/send output data ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) where calculation & logical operations take place. Control Unit control the Memory, ALU, and I/O. Memory the storage area of programs and data. VON NEUMAN MODEL Subsystems

Data and programs stored in the same memory They should have the same format Binary Format Binary Format

Hardware, Software & Data The Computer Component

Hardware in VON NEUMAN Model

Data stored in the form of an electrical signal, specifically its presence or absence. (1’s & 0’s ) Data in A VON NEUMAN Model

DATA Organization Inside the computer (binary) Outside the computer Numbers, text, images, videos & audios

Software in VON NEUMAN Model PROGRAMS

Programs in VON NEUMAN Model 1.Programs stored in memory 2.a program is a sequence of a finite number of instructions. the instructions are executed one after another. Memory Program Instruction1 Instruction2 : InstructionX Input Output Control Unit fetches one instruction Decode it Execute it ALU

Program Instructions Example The Programmer try to find the appropriate sequence of instructions that solves the problem This sequence called ALGORITHM

Some Computer Terminologies Computer Languages  a "language" made up of formal syntax and semantics that allow users to communicate instructions to computer systems Operating System  originally worked as a manager to facilitate access of the computer components for a program Software Engineering  A systematic approach to the analysis, design, implementation and maintenance of software.

Computer History After Present1950Before First generation ( ) vacuum tubes 2.Second generation ( ) transistors, High-level languages(FORTRAN, COBOL) 3.Third generation ( ) IC(Integrated Circuit), Minicomputer, software industry was born 4.Fourth generation ( ) VLSI, microcomputer 5. Fifth generation (1985-) laptop and palmtop computer The preceding computers used memory only for storing data EDVAC the first computer based on von Neumann’s idea, University of Pennsylvania,1950 Mechanical machines (before 1930) Early electronic computers ( ) ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) first general-purpose, totally electronic computer University of Pennsylvania, 1946

Microcomputers Microcomputers are designed to be used by individuals, like PCs, workstations or notebook computers. Contains a CPU on a microchip (the microprocessor), a memory system (typically ROM and RAM), a bus system and I/O ports, typically housed in the motherboard

CPU microprocessor CPU microprocessor Memory ROM-RAM Memory ROM-RAM I/O ports

Social & Ethical Issues EthicalSocial Privacy Copyright Computer Crime. Dependency Social Justice Digital Divide

WHAT IS COMPUTER SCIENCE ?? At the END

 Computer science (abbreviated CS or CompSci) is the scientific and practical approach to computation and its applications  Two categories: 1.Systems areas. 2.Application areas. Computer Science