1. Chapter 2 – Computer hardware
Table Of Contents (TOC):-
Understanding System Unit Components
Understanding Memory Unit
Understanding Input
Understanding Output
Understanding Storage
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2-4

2. Chapter 2-01: System Unit Components
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6

3. Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
The System Unit
The system unit is a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Page 210
Figure 4-1

4. Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Inside the Case
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Page 250
Figure 6-2

5. Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Inside the Case
The motherboard is the main circuit board of the computer
A computer chip contains integrated circuits
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Pages
Figure 6-3

6. Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Processors
The processor, also called the central processing unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer
Contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Pages

7. Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Processors
The control unit is the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer
The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Page 253

8. Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Processors
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Page 253
Figure 6-4

9. Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Processors
For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of four basic operations, which comprise a machine cycle
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Page 254
Figure 6-5

10. Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Processor
Most current personal computers support pipelining
Processor begins fetching a second instruction before it completes the machine cycle for the first instruction
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Pages 215 – 216
Figure 4-6

11. Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Processor
Parallel processing uses multiple processors simultaneously to execute a single program or task
Massively parallel processing involves hundreds or thousands of processors
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Page 220
Figure 4-11

12. Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Data Representation
Analog signals are continuous and vary in strength and quality
Digital signals are in one of two states: on or off
Most computers are digital
The binary system uses two unique digits (0 and 1)
Bits and bytes
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Page 259

13. Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Data Representation
The circuitry in a computer or mobile device represents the on or the off states electronically by the presence or absence of an electronic charge
Eight bits grouped together as a unit are called a byte. A byte represents a single character in the computer or mobile device
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Pages
Figures 6-8 – 6-9

14. Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Data Representation
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is the most widely used coding scheme to represent data
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Page 221
Figure 4-14

15. Summary Components of the system unit
How memory stores data, instructions, and information
Sequence of operations that occur when a computer executes an instruction
Comparison of various personal computer processors on the market today
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 6
Page 241