Cell Structure and Function Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Plant vs. Animal Organelle Structure and Function

Why are we studying cells? They are the smallest unit of LIFE They are the smallest unit of LIFE To understand how cells work is to understand how life works To understand how cells work is to understand how life works

How did we even find out about cells? “Seeing is Believing”  What would we need to study cells?  It wasn’t until the 1600s that scientists began using microscopes to observe living things

Robert Hooke Took a look at a thin slice of cork Looked like little chambers so he called them “cells”

Studying Cells Over the next 200 years, various scientists studied all kinds of cells –1–1–1–1674 – van Leekwenhook observes living things in pond water –C–C–C–Calls them “animalcules” Some things they concluded along the way: –1–1–1–1838: Schleiden - All plants are made up of cells –1–1–1–1839: Schwann - All animals are made up of cells In 1885, Rudolph Virchow proposes all cells come from other cells, completing what is now called…

The Cell Theory All living things are composed of cells Cell are the basic units of structure and function in living things New cells are produced from existing cells

All living things are made up of cells Two major classifications of all cells:  Prokaryote Prokaryotic organisms are unicellular Example: bacteria  Eukaryote Organisms which have eukaryotic cells can be unicellular… Examples: yeast, protist, amoeba …Or multicellular Examples: animals, plants

How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells similar? What are some physical structures and compounds ALL cells share? DNA Cytoplasm A cell membrane (sometimes called a plasma membrane) Ribosomes (an organelle where proteins are made)

How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells similar? [continued…] Prokaryotic cells have cell walls in addition to cell membranes Eukaryotic plant cells also have cell walls in addition to cell membranes

How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different? Prokaryotic cells are smaller and less complex then eukaryotic cells

How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different? […continued] Nucleus: a large membrane-enclosed structure which contains DNA The nucleus separates DNA from the rest of the cells Prokaryotic cells DO NOT have a nucleus Eukaryotic cells DO have a nucleus

How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different? […continued] Prokaryotic cells do not have any membrane bound organelles while eukaryotic cells do

*****Organizer****

1. 1.Identify each cell as prokaryote or eukaryote. 2. Name 2 similarities and 2 differences between the two cells.

Organization of Eukaryotic Cells There are two major parts of cells: Nucleus Cytoplasm Located in the cytoplasm are organelles Organelles are specialized cell components which perform specialized cellular functions

Organization of Eukaryotic Cells… There are many functions that must be carried out within a cell Organelles and other cell structures are grouped together by the general job they perform 1.Organelle that is the cellular control center 2.Organelles that store, clean up, and support 3.Organelles that build proteins 4.Organelles that capture and release energy 5.Structures: cellular boundaries

3 minutes Explain why your digestive system is called a system.

What exactly is a system? 5 minutes What is a system? Think: What must a system have? What does a system do? Give examples to support your definition.

Sooooo…putting it all together.. We science people like to do that!! 3 minutes Is the cell a system? SUPPORT YOUR ANSWER.

The Cell As A System A system is many individual parts, with independent functions, but that interact and depend on each other to complete the overall “job” of the system. The parts of the cell work together to do the “job” of the cell.

The Cell as A System Choose something to compare the cell to Factory, School, or City For every organelle, create an analogy to a part of what you have chosen to compare the cell to…

Huh!?! What’s an analogy? …a similarity between like features of two things, on which a comparison can be based Example: The heart and a pump Can you think of an analogy?

Create a chart in your notebooks: Name of Organelle, Structure, or Compound Part You Have Compared the Organelle To Explanation of Your Analogy The X is like the Y because X does …. Just like Y does …