1. Chapter 7 Biology Cell structure and function

2. Discovery of cells In mid-1600’s microscopes were being used to observe living things 1665 Robert Hooke (englishman) looked at cork

3. Hooke Looked at cork and discovered that there were chambers Reminded him of monastery’s rooms called cells

4. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek Holland Pond Water Tiny living things in the water

5. Matthias Schleiden 1838 from Germany Concluded that all plants were made of cells

6. Theodor Schwann 1839 from Germany All animals were made from cells and stole Schleiden’s work

7. Rudolph Virchow 1855 from Germany Was a physician All new cells could be produced only from the division of existing cells

8. Cell Theory 1.All living things are composed of cells 2.Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things 3.New cells are produced from existing cells

9. Nucleus Large membrane covered structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA

10. Prokaryote Cells that does not contain nuclei

11. Eukaryotes Cells that contain nuclei

12. Prokaryotes Smaller than eukaryotes Much more simple than eukaryotes Do have genetic material that floats in the cytoplasm Bacteria Are living

13. Eukaryotes Larger than prokaryotes Much more complicated than prokaryotes Have internal membranes and structures Highly specialized Great variety of cells Some unicellular and some multicellular

14. Unicellular Single cell organisms Grow, reproduce, transform energy Dominate life on earth

15. Multicellular Made of many cells Cell specialization – cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks

16. Specialized animal cells Red blood cells transport oxygen Pancreas has specialized cells to produce proteins Muscle cells

17. Specialized plant cells Have guard cells near stomata to control opening and closing

18. Levels of organization 1.Individual cells 2.Tissues 3.Organs 4.Organ system 5.Organism

19. Tissue Group of similar cells that perform a particular function Four types –Muscle –Epithelial –Nervous –Connective

20. Organs Groups of tissues

21. Organ system Group of organs that work together to perform a specific function