Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Susan Ward Shelton Hisley Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Chapter 5 Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology Gloria Nwagwu MSN, FNP-BC, RN

Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Susan Ward Shelton Hisley Sexual Differentiation in the Embryo  Male gender  Female gender

Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Susan Ward Shelton Hisley Female Reproductive System

Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Susan Ward Shelton Hisley The Pelvic Floor

Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Susan Ward Shelton Hisley Internal Structures

Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Susan Ward Shelton Hisley The Bony Pelvis

Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Susan Ward Shelton Hisley Pelvic Types  Gynecoid—traditional female pelvis  Android  Anthropoid  Platypelloid

Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Susan Ward Shelton Hisley Breasts  Accessory organs of reproductive system  Primarily glandular, fibrous, and adipose tissue  Primary function: lactation  Parts: nipples, areola, Montgomery tubercles

Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Susan Ward Shelton Hisley Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Interplay of Hormones and Reproduction

Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Susan Ward Shelton Hisley Hypothalamus Hormones  Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)  Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)  Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GH-RH)  Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GH-IH)  Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)  Prolactin-inhibiting factor (PIF)

Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Susan Ward Shelton Hisley Pituitary Gland Hormones  Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)  Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)  Prolactin (PRL)  Growth hormone (GH)  Gonadotropins: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); luteinizing hormone (LH)

Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Susan Ward Shelton Hisley Hormones Released by the Gonads  Estrogen  Progesterone  Testosterone

Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Susan Ward Shelton Hisley Other Hormones  Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)  Prostaglandins  Relaxin

Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Susan Ward Shelton Hisley Sexual Maturation  Puberty  Females: thelarche, menarche  Males: testicular enlargement  Female secondary sexual characteristics

Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Susan Ward Shelton Hisley The Menstrual Cycle and Reproduction  Uterine (endometrial) cycle  Menstrual phase  Proliferative phase  Secretory phase  Ischemic phase  Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian cycle  Follicular and luteal phases

Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Susan Ward Shelton Hisley Body Changes  Spinnbarkheit: elasticity of cervical mucus  Ferning: crystallization of cervical mucus  Increased basal body temperature  Mittelschmerz: abdominal cramping during ovulation

Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Susan Ward Shelton Hisley Natural Cessation of Menses  Climacteric phase  Perimenopausal phase  Menopause  Postmenopausal phase

Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Susan Ward Shelton Hisley Male Reproductive System

Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Maternal-Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families Susan Ward Shelton Hisley Male Hormonal Influences  Androgens—Male sex hormones testosterone: secondary sexual characteristics  Fertility: related to sperm number, size, shape, and motility  Age-related development of male reproductive system