90 Review Homework for Friday –Review your understanding x 2 (9 and 12) in duo tangs Earned Option Review –5 absent excused –4 sra –2 lates or one life happens absent unexcused

90 Bell Work – answer the questions on the side

90 Early History of Law In ancient societies, local customs and beliefs made up the law. Customs were not written down and instead were passed on by word of mouth. As populations increased, laws became more complex and codification became necessary. Codification: a written collection of laws.

90 History of Law Handout –Read and fill in the main points/more details section as we go through. Assignment

90 Evolution of Law Code of Hammurabi, c BCE: –One of the earliest records of written law. –King Hammurabi of Babylon codified nearly 300 laws in columns of stone. Mosaic Law, c BCE: –Based on the Ten Commandments. –Bible states that Moses received these laws from God on two stone tablets. Justinian Code, c. 550 CE –Byzantine Emperor Justinian codified 1000 years of Roman laws. –First legal code that emphasized equality under the law.

90 Evolution of Law contd… Magna Carta, 1215: –English noblemen forced King John to sign this document that established the rule of law - that all people, including the king, had to obey the same laws; no one was above the law. Napoleonic Code, 1804: –A new set of civil laws for French people. –Became the model for most of Europe. –Also referred to as the French Civil Code.

90 Feudalism In 1066, King William of England introduced a feudal system. Under this system, the king owned all of the land and divided most of it among his lords or noblemen. The Lords had their own servants, or vassals. If a vassal broke the law, their Lord could punish them however they saw fit. Punishments were inconsistent and unfair.

90 Common Law King William appointed judges to travel throughout England and decide cases. Cases with similar facts were decided in the same way. If a judge issued a verdict in a new case, that decision became the standard for similar future cases - precedent. The system of law based on past legal decisions is known as common law or case law.

90 Rule of Law This legal principle was recognized in the signing of the Magna Carta of The rule of law states that the law applies equally to all persons. The Magna Carta also introduced the writ of habeas corpus – a document that is used to determine whether or not someone is being legally detained.

90 English Parliament 1265 – King Henry III called representatives from all parts of England to form the first parliament. Their job was to pass laws known as statutes

– after the French Revolution, Napoleon revised French law, which had been based on Roman Law and Justinian code. It was called the French Civil Code. This code had a strong influence in forming Quebec’s laws.

90 Aboriginal Law Worldview is based on dependencies (mother earth, plant, animal, human order) an harmonious interconnections. Three factors that are important part of Aboriginal laws are: –Forgiveness, restitution and rehabilitation Based on oral traditions. Iroquois – “Great Binding Law” also known as the “Great Law of Peace” which gave women in their society many rights and privileges.

90 Retribution, Restitution & Restoration Retribution Restitution –Means that the offender must repay the victim for goods stolen, damaged or lost, or otherwise make amends for the wrong committed. Restoration –Recognizes that everything is connected, and a crime disturbs the harmony of these connections. –It is meant to heal victims

90 Work Review Your Understanding –Page 21 –Page Assignment –Code of Hammurabi - Sheet –Citation – Cases (page 18) - Sheet