American Life in the Roaring 20’s 1919- 1929 Chapter 32: Return to Normalcy 2-9-16 Era: The Roaring 20’s

Participation in WWI transformed the United States in the 1920s: The USA was the richest and most developed country in the world Mass production, high wages, new consumer goods and forms of entertainment labeled the decade the “Roaring Twenties”

In 1920, Americans elected Republican Warren Harding who promised a “return to normalcy” “America’s present need is not heroics, but healing; not nostrums, but normalcy; not revolution, but restoration” —President Warren Harding Quick Class Discussion: What would a “return to normalcy” mean for America after World War I?

Warren G. Harding Warren G. Harding was the 29th President. (1921-1923) His campaign slogan was “Return to Normalcy”.

Return to Normalcy Warren Harding’s “Return to Normalcy” (meaning life before WW I) became "America first" campaign, which encouraged industrialization and a strong economy, independent of foreign influence. Harding supported the idea of isolationism. He wanted the US to focus on peacetime production and prosperity (better life).

Harding’s Presidency Harding also lowered taxes and restricted immigration. Reduced taxes meant that the tax burden of middle Americans would decrease, while most lower income Americans were relieved of their tax burden altogether.

Tea Pot Dome Scandal Harding had appointed his friends into the Cabinet and as the Secretary of the Interior. After Harding died of a heart attack, the US found out that these two friends had accepted bribes in exchange for the lease of oil rich land found in Teapot, Wyoming.

In the 1920s, American foreign policy “returned to normal” by embracing isolationism The U.S. rejected the Treaty of Versailles and never joined the League of Nations Many citizens felt the U.S. was “duped” into joining WWI and became committed to neutrality

However, U.S. isolationism was selective because the USA did play a role in world affairs The U.S. hosted a naval conference aimed to reduce the military strength of all nations The USA loaned European nations billions of dollars to help rebuild after WWI

Scopes “Monkey” Trial John Scopes was convicted and fined $100 for teaching evolution in his Dayton, Tenn., classroom. The Scopes trial also represents a dramatic clash between traditional and modern values in America of the 1920s.

Clarence Darrow Clarence Darrow – defense attorney in the Scopes “Monkey” Trial who debated the issue of evolution in Tennessee. He defended Scopes in the trial. (For Evolution)

William Jennings Bryan William Jennings Bryan – prosecuting attorney in the Scopes trial. He was against the teaching of evolution.

Effect of the Scopes Trial Darrow and Bryan’s debate illustrated the growing cultural conflict in the United States during the early 20th century between those in support of more traditionalist values and those in support of more modernism.

Closing Task 2-9-16 Using pages 185- 186 of the Jarrett Book (brown paper book) you will write a paragraph that describes the causes and effects of the Scopes Monkey Trial. Make sure to specify how it relates to Harding’s view on Returning to Normalcy.

American Life in the Roaring 20’s 1919- 1929 Chapter 32: Nativism & the Red Scare 2-10-16 Era: The Roaring 20’s

Nativism The cause of nativism was due to the increase in immigration. The “natives” worried the immigrants would take jobs especially in response to declining economic growth following the end of World War I.

Nativism The effect of nativism led to discrimination, heightened racial tensions, Ku Klux Klan was created and flourished.

National Origins Quota Act in 1921 As a result of World War I, Congress passed the National Origins Quota Act in 1921. This law set the quota of legal immigrants to 3% of their current ethnic makeup in the United States. This quota was changed three years later.

Ku Klux Klan

Red Scare A Red Scare is the fear that communist have entered the USA. The cause of the Red Scare was a reaction not only to the communist Bolshevik revolution in Russia, but to the influx of immigrants into the United States in the years leading up to World War I.

Red Scare The effect of the Red Scare led to the deportation of many communists and socialists who lived in the USA.

Sacco-Vanzetti Trial They were two Italian-born laborers were tried, convicted and executed via electrocution on August 23, 1927 in Massachusetts for the 1920 armed robbery and murder of a pay-clerk and a security guard in South Braintree, Massachusetts.

Sacco- Vanzetti

American Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 American Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 – granted citizenship to all American Indians born in the United States

Closing Task 2-10-16 You are to read pages 734 – 735 and write ¾ of a page describing what life was like for the polish immigrants.

American Life in the Roaring 20’s 1919- 1929 Chapter 32: Culture of the 1920’s 2-11-16 Era: The Roaring 20’s

Harlem Renaissance Harlem Renaissance – African American literature, art, music, dance, and social commentary began to flourish in Harlem, a section of New York City. More than a literary movement, the Harlem Renaissance show cased the unique culture of African Americans and redefined African American expression.

Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington were popular jazz musicians The Harlem Renaissance was the flourishing of black culture Jazz blended African and European musical traditions into a distinctly “American” style of music Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington were popular jazz musicians

“The Charleston” Charleston Dance Becomes Popular (1923): The Charleston dance became popular after appearing along with the song, "The Charleston," by James P. Johnson in the Broadway musical Runnin' Wild in 1923.

1920s: Women

Women’s roles changed in the 1920s In 1920, women gained the right to vote (But, many women did not vote) New fashion trends, voting rights, and more leisure time led to an increased sense of freedom

Many young, unmarried women embraced their independence and sexuality as “flappers”

…had sex outside of marriage and dated boys without chaperones “Flappers” popularized new women’s fashions like shorter hemlines, “bobbed” hair, and hats Young women shocked traditional-minded women by smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, dancing at clubs, using makeup… …had sex outside of marriage and dated boys without chaperones

1920s: Literature

The Great Gatsby Themes related to economic prosperity were reflected in literary works such as F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Great Gatsby

The most popular author was Langston Hughes, who wrote poems and novels about black pride

The 1920s produced some of America’s most important literature The “Lost Generation” authors including T.S. Eliot, Ernest Hemingway, and F. Scott Fitzgerald rejected war and criticized 1920 consumerism and conformity

1920s: Sports

Baseball, boxing, and football were popular sports Sports was a popular form of entertainment in the 1920s as Americans gained more leisure time and income Baseball, boxing, and football were popular sports Radio broadcasts brought sporting events to national audiences

Sports gave Americans a new generation of heroes Babe Ruth of the New York Yankees was the biggest sports hero of the 1920s Boxer Jack Dempsey Football star Red Grange Gertrude

Tin Pan Alley produced 90% of the popular music in the 1920s, focusing on ragtime, dance music, and jazz American Popular Music had arrived! Within a year, Irving Berlin published "Alexander’s Ragtime Band," which mixed the popular beat of the day along with the legend of Ragtime. The song gave Tin Pan Alley its crowning achievement and Berlin his first million. The song also changed the way America listened to music, "Alexander’s Ragtime Band" has often been credited, in part, for the increase in the sales of radios and phonographs, both rather new to the buying public. Soon the attention of Tin Pan Alley shifted from Ragtime to other popular topics such as dances (The Charleston, the Fox Trot) and other music forms (Blues, jazz). Towards the end of World War I, Tin Pan Alley’s publishing companies moved closer to the Broadway and vaudeville districts. Once the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) was formed, Tin Pan Alley became a mega force in popular music, producing over 90% of the commercial songs and inspiring the sales of millions of copies of both sheet music and 78 recordings.

Closing Task 2-11-16 You are to write an acrostic poem using the word Harlem Renaissance Must be in a complete sentence

American Life in the Roaring 20’s 1919- 1929 Chapter 32: Prohibition 2-12-16 Era: The Roaring 20’s

Prohibition Prohibition- is the ban of alcohol

Causes of Prohibition The cause of prohibition was the belief that alcohol was leading to the decline of society. Alcohol was blamed for many of society's ills, among them severe health problems, destitution, and crime.

Effects of Prohibition The effect of prohibition was the passage of the 18th Amendment which banned the use of alcohol. Because of the 18th amendment there was an increase in organized crime.

Organized crime

Speakeasies & Bootleggers Speakeasy- was a secret bar in the 1920’s Bootleggers- were the people who smuggled alcohol.

Great Gatsby Clip

American Life in the Roaring 20’s 1919- 1929 Chapter 32: Mass Production & Consumerism 2-15-16 Era: The Roaring 20’s

1920s: Consumerism

The 1920s saw a burst of personal prosperity and consumer spending Mass production led to a huge number of new products: Cars, electric appliances, new fashions Companies offered ways for consumers to buy on credit through monthly installment plans Advertising boomed to convince people to spend their money

1920s: Transportation

Henry Ford’s mass production techniques made automobiles affordable for many Americans

Henry Ford Henry Ford – founder of Ford Motors Ford is responsible for innovating the auto industry with the assembly line. He invented the Model T and Model A cars, with an affordable price.

Cars gave people freedom and became a symbol of status Automobiles transformed America Henry Ford’s assembly line made cars affordable; By 1929, 1 of 5 Americans owned a car Car manufacturing became the biggest industry in America Cars gave people freedom and became a symbol of status

Airplanes captured the attention of Americans in the 1920s In 1927, Charles Lindbergh made the first solo flight across the Atlantic and became the biggest celebrity of the 1920s

Glenn Curtiss Glenn Curtiss – considered “The Father of Naval Aviation,” he was a pioneer in aviation

Glenn Curtiss Curtiss was responsible for the first aircraft to take off from and land on the decks of ships at sea.

Closing Task 2-15-16 Write a paragraph responding to the following question: Make a prediction on how the rise of consumerism and the use of credit will lead to problems for the United States in the near future?

Closing Task 2-16-16 You are to write a one page essay responding to the following question: Women have always played an important role in the history of the United States, but their roles in society and in government have changed over time. Identify and analyze factors that led to these changes.

Closing Task 2-18-16 You are to write a one page essay responding to the following question: What were the negative effects of prohibition? Include specific examples to support your claim.

Complete the Chapter 34 guided reading questions handout. Closing Task 2-19-16 Complete the Chapter 34 guided reading questions handout.