3.2: Organelles

What is an organelle? Organelles are structures specialized to perform distinct processes within a cell.

Where are organelles found? Organelles are found in the cytoplasm of Eukaryotic cells…plant and animal cells.

Nucleus Brain of the cell Stores all genetic information Must protect DNA and have it ready for cell to use Enclosed by a nuclear membrane Contains nucleolus- place where ribosomes are made

Endoplasmic Reticulum 2 types: – Smooth – Rough o Smooth ER makes lipids and provides a variety of specialized functions o Rough ER is covered with ribosomes. Proteins made in the ribosomes enter the rough ER and are modified for stability

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes Link amino acids to form proteins Site of protein synthesis

Golgi Apparatus Processes, sorts and delivers proteins Post Office of the cell

Vesicles Sac that divides some material from the rest of the cytoplasm and transports them from place to place

Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell Supplies energy to the cell Bean shaped Made of two membranes – Inner membrane is place where food is converted into energy

Vacuole Storage site for cells

Lysosome Contain enzymes Defend cell from invading bacteria and viruses Breaks down damaged or worn out cell parts Animal cell only

Centriole Cylinder shape Made of short microtubules 2 centrioles perpendicular to one another Play role in cell division Organize microtubules to form cilia and flagella Animal cell only

Chloroplast Carry out photosynthesis Convert solar energy into chemical energy Contain chlorophyll which makes plants green Plants only

Central Vacuole Large sac filled with fluid that strengthens and helps support the cell Prevents plant from wilting Plants only

Cell Wall Surrounds cell membrane Rigid layer that protects, supports and shapes the cell