4 Basic Principles of Design Proximity Alignment Repetition Contrast Credit: Robin Williams
Proximity Organization Group related items together. Proximity, or the closeness, implies a relationship. Elements that are intellectually connected, that have some sort of communication relationship, should be visually connected. When several items are in close proximity to each other they become one visual unit rather than several separate units.
Proximity Squint slightly and count separate elements on the page by counting the number of times your eye stops. Avoid too many separate elements on a page. Don’t stick things in the corners and in the middle. Avoid leaving equal amounts of white space between elements unless each group is part of a subset.
Alignment Always find something to align with, even if the objects are physically far from each other on the page. To make all the elements appear, connected, interrelated, there needs to be some visual tie between separate elements. Avoid using more than one text alignment on the page. Use centered alignment with care.
Proximity: Group related items together to organize intellectually and visually
Alignment Unification Nothing should be placed on the page arbitrarily. Everything should have a visual connection with something else on the page. In any well-designed piece, you will be able to draw lines to the aligned objects, even if the overall presentation of material is a wild collection of odd things and has lots of energy.
Alignment: The flush right has a stronger invisible line than centered alignment
Contrast Interest and organization If two items are not exactly the same, then make them Very different. Large vs. small type Graceful oldstyle fonts vs. bold sans serif font Thin vs. thick line Cool color vs. warm color
Contrast
The Process Start with a focal point. Decide what you want to emphasize. Group your information into logical groups. Decide on the relationships between the groups. Display those relationships with the closeness or distance. (proximity) Create and maintain strong alignments. Find a strong edge and strengthen by aligning text or objects. Create a repetition. Create strong contrasts. Remember-If everything is bold, nothing will stand out.