Advanced Weight & Balance

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Why Does Weight Matter? Aircraft are NOT minivans You can’t load everything you want into them and go off and fly PIC must make decision – Fuel or Load? Overweight Aircraft: Longer Takeoff Higher Takeoff Speed Reduced Rate of Climb and Angle of Climb Shorter Range Reduce Cruising Speed Higher Stall Speed Longer Landing Distance Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Overweight Dangers May affect performance (last slide) Undue stress on the aircraft structure upon landing/taxi Exclusive testing is done at the Max Ramp and MGTOW Section 2 of the POH – Limitations Changed only by Airworthiness Directive Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Why Does Balance Matter? Not a matter of how much weight there is, but where it is placed Center of Gravity Limits Datum Reference Point Center of Pressure and Center of Gravity Boldmethod Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. C.G. Forward of Limits Benefits Increases Stability Easy Stall Recovery Disadvantages: Increase in stall speed Increase in drag On landing, harder to roundout Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. C.G. Aft of Limits Benefits Decrease Stall Speed Disadvantages: More unstable Harder to recover from stall Less Drag – Higher Airspeed Tail Heavy Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Utility vs. Normal Category Category has to do with the G loading of an aircraft Utility 4.4 Magnum No inverted approved Normal 3.8 Special Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Categories Use Utility Limited Aerobatics Normal Use the plane for its original purpose (no extreme maneuvers) Transport Category No excessive maneuvers Aerobatic Category Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Terms (POH 1.7 and 1.8) Basic Empty Weight Engine oil and unusable fuel and empty airplane Unusable Fuel Fuel that can’t be removed from the system Payload Weight of occupants, cargo and baggage Useful Load Takeoff Weight - BEW Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

The Weight and Balance Document Part of ARROWE Updated by Mechanic For light pistons only once forever unless changed If changed: New Weight and Balance to be completed Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. The Weight Formula WAM Weight X Arm = Moment Basic Algebra says: Moment / Weight = Arm Think of Children on a Seesaw How much weight is applied? How far from the fulcrum is their weight applied? Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

Calculating Position and C.G. Shifting Weight to Move C.G. Move the larger child towards the datum Computation Table or Graph The Envelope Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

The Weight Shift Formula MEMORIZE THIS FORMULA: Weight Moved Distance C.G. Moved = Total Weight of System Distance between C.G. Arms Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

The Flight Computer

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. The Two Sides Computer Side Wind Side Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Computer Side Time, Speed, Distance Fuel Consumption Estimate vs. Actual Airspeed and Density Altitude Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. Wind Side Favorable Winds Conversions Dead Reckoning formula Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.

© 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved. References Jeppesen Private Pilot Guided Flight Manual Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Piper Archer II POH Since the beginning of time, humans have always been fascinated with birds. We have always wanted to fly, but could never understand the relationship between lift and weight. As early as the 1500s, Leonardo Da Vinci began making sketches of wings. However, these sketches were flawed due to their birdlike nature. © 2015 Coast Flight Training. All Rights Reserved.