Week 7 Sifat Al-Horoof Whisper (Hams) vs Apparent (Jahr) 3 Shaban 1434.

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Week 7 Sifat Al-Horoof Whisper (Hams) vs Apparent (Jahr) 3 Shaban 1434

 Definition: The way in which a letter is articulated that differentiates it from others.  The purpose of these characteristics is to distinguish the letters that share the same articulation points (makhaarij) such as ( ت & ط ), ( ذ & ظ ), ( س & ص ).  Makhaarij provides information as to where the sound of the letter comes from, whereas sifaat provides extra information with regards to the characteristics of the letter in order to produce the correct sound.

 At the beginning of the course we mentioned the technical definition of Tajweed as the correct recitation of the Qur'an that is achieved by articulating the letter from its articulation point and giving each letter its rights and due.  Articulation points are makhaarij alhoroof which we have studied during the last six lectures.

 Rights of the letter are the required characteristics that never leave it. We call them the basic characteristics  The dues of the letter are the characteristics that are present sometimes and not present at other times. We call them incidental characteristics

 The basic characteristics never leave the letter. They are part of the intrinsic make up of the letter.  They are divided into two parts: 1. Characteristics which have an opposite. 2. Characteristics which have no opposite.

The characteristicIts opposite 1- Hams2- Jahr 3- Shiddah4- The In Between & Rakhawa 5- Istilaa(Tafkheem)6- Istifal( Tarqeeq) 7- Itbak8- Infitah

 Hams is the continuation of the breath (whispering, expulsion of air) upon pronunciation of the letter  The quality of Hams is found in the following 10 letters which are called Mahmuusah ( مهموسة ): ح ، ث ، هـ ، ش ، خ ، ص ، ف ، س ، ك ، ت ) ( combined in three words ( حثه شخص فسكت )

To test yourself whether you apply the Hams properly, place your hand or a piece of paper in front of your mouth while you pronounce the letter of Hams. If you feel the flow of air or the paper vibrated, then you have successfully pronounced the letter.

 Jahr is the stoppage of breath upon pronunciation of a letter.  The quality of Jahr is found in the other letters of the alphabet which are called Majhorah ( مجهورة ). There are 18 letters: ( أ ، ب ، ج ، د ، ذ ، ر ، ز ، ض ، ط ، ظ ، ع ، غ ، ق ، ل ، م ، ن ، و ، ي )