Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon.

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Presentation transcript:

Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made) 2.Explain difference between codon and anticodon.

Wake-up 1.Find the amino acid sequence for the following strand of DNA: TAC GGC CCA AAA CTC AGC

Mutations

What is a mutation? Change in the DNA nitrogen base sequence of a gene

What causes mutations????

How do Mutations Occur? Errors in DNA Replication Replication

How do Mutations Occur? Damaged DNA caused by agents such as sunlight, smoke, radiation

Category of Mutation: Point Change in one base of the DNA sequence. Original: The fat cat ate the wee rat Point mutation: The fat hat ate the wee rat

Example of Point Mutation: Sickle Cell Anemia

Sickle Cell Anemia: Point Mutation

Sickle Cell AnemiaSickle Cell Anemia Story (Beginning to 3:00)

Category of Mutation: Frameshift Addition or deletion of a DNA base resulting in a different sequence of DNA. Original: The fat cat ate the wee rat Frameshift mutation: The fat ata tet hew eer at

Tay Sachs Disease: Frameshift Mutation

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Wake-up 1.What are two causes of mutations? 2.Which type of mutation, point or frameshift, does the most “damage” to the protein/amino acid sequence. 3.Explain why.

Let’s practice protein synthesis with normal DNA DNA: TAC AAC GTC ACC ATT mRNA: AUG UUG CAG UGG UAA Amino acid: Met Leu Gln Trp STOP

Mutated Example of Substitution DNA: TAC AAG GTC ACC ATT mRNA: AUG UUC CAG UGG UAA Amino acid: Met Phe Gln Trp STOP

Type of Mutations: Substitution Change in one base of the DNA sequence which causes a change in amino acid.

Mutated Example of Insertion/Addition DNA: TAC AAC CGT CAC CAT T mRNA: AUG UUG GCA GUG GUA A Amino acid : Met Leu Ala Val Val

Type of Mutations: Insertion/Addition Addition of one or more bases into a DNA sequence

Mutated Example of Deletion DNA: TAC AAC GCA CCA TT mRNA: AUG UUG CGU GGU AA Amino acid : Met Leu Arg Gly

Type of Mutations: Deletion The removal of one or more bases in DNA