Avm mvjvgy AvjvBKzg wcÖq wk¶v_©x eÜziv †Zvgiv mevB †Kgb Av‡Qv AvR‡Ki K¬v‡m †Zvgv‡`i ¯^vMZg

G, GBP, evkvi Gg,Gm,Gm (Wej) mnt wk¶K (Kw¤úDUvi) nvcywbqv gnvevM D”P we`vjq ‡kicyi,e¸ov| Avgvi cwiPq

‡Zvgiv wPθ‡jv g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i †`L

AvR‡K †Zvgv‡`i cvV¨ welq Kw¤úDUvi Gi †kÖYx wefvM (Classification of Computer)

MVbMZ w`K w`‡q Kw¤úDUvi wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq 1|A¨vbvjM Kw¤úDUvi ( Analog Computer) 2|wWwRUvj Kw¤úDUvi ( Digital Computer) 3|nvBweªW Kw¤úDUvi ( Hybrid Computer) Kw¤úDUvi A¨vbvjM wWwRUvj nvBweªW

G¨vbvjM Kw¤úDUvi ( Analog Computer) †h Kw¤úDUvi mg‡qi mv‡_ µgvMZ cwieZ©bkxj DcvË ev A¨vbvjM ˆe`y¨wZK ms‡K‡Zi Dci wbf©i K‡i wbwg©Z nq Zv‡K A¨vbvjM Kw¤úDUvi e‡j| G ai‡bi Kw¤úDvi eY© ev ms‡KZ e¨env‡ii cwie‡Z© ˆe`y¨wZK ms‡KZ e¨envi Kiv nq| †iv`, Zvc, Pvc BZ¨vw`i Zi½‡K Kw¤úDUvi I nput wnmv‡e MÖnb K‡i Ges djvdj‡K mvavibZ: KuvUvi mvnv‡h¨ AswKZ MÖvd AvKv‡i cÖKvk K‡i _v‡K| D‡ovRvnvR, gnvKvk hvb BZ¨vw`i MwZ‡eM, evqy, Zij I KwVb c`v‡_©i Pvc BZ¨vw` Kv‡R A¨vbvjM Kw¤úDUvi e¨envi Kiv nq| ZvQvovI A¨vbvjM Kw¤úDUvi e¨envi K‡i GKwU †c‡Uªvj cv‡¤úi R¡vjvbx mieivn I g~j¨ wbY©‡qi KvR I hvbevn‡bi w¯ú‡WvwgUvi D`vniY wnmv‡e D‡jøL Kiv hvq|

wWwRUvj Kw¤úDUvi ( Digital Computer) wWwRUvj K_vwU D igit kã †_‡K DrcwË hvi A_© AsK| myZivs Z_¨ cÖwµqvKiY I MvwYwZK Kv‡Ri Rb¨ G ai‡bi Kw¤úDUvi eY© ev ms‡K‡Zi gva¨‡g Z_¨ msMÖn I cÖKvk K‡i _v‡K| GB ai‡bi Kw¤úDUv‡i djvdj gwbUi ev Ab¨ †Kvb AvDUcyU wWfvB‡mi gva¨‡g cÖ`wk©Z nq| wWwRUvj Kw¤úDUv‡i 0, 1 w`‡q me ai‡bi Kv‡Ri cÖwµqv m¤úbœ K‡i _v‡K| 0 Ges 1 msL¨v `ywUi mvnv‡h¨B eY©, AsK, wPý BZ¨vw`i mgš^‡q mvaviY †jLv‡jwL I wn‡me wb‡Km †_‡K ïiy K‡i Qwe m¤úv`bvmn RwUj Kv‡Ri bKmv ˆZwii cÖwµqvKi‡Yi KvR m¤úv`b Kiv nq| G ai‡bi Kw¤úDUv‡i mKj ai‡bi BbcyU `yBwUi msL¨vi mvnv‡h¨ cÖwµqvKiY K‡i djvdj wn‡m‡e gwbU‡i cÖ`k©b K‡i _v‡K| cieZ©x‡Z GB djvdj m~²Zvi mv‡_ wcÖ›Uv‡ii gva¨‡g †c‡Z cvwi|

nvBweªW Kw¤úDUvi ( Hybrid Computer) wWwRUvj I G¨vbvjM Kw¤úDUvi ˆewk‡ó¨i mgš^‡q †h Kw¤úDUvi MwVZ nq Zv‡K nvBweªW Kw¤úDUvi e‡j| nvBweªW Kw¤cDUv‡i †WUv MÖnY Kiv nq G¨vbvjM cÖwµqvq Ges msM„nxZ ‡WUv msL¨vq iƒcvšÍwiZ K‡i cÖwµqvKi‡Yi Rb¨ wWwRUvj As‡k †cÖiY Kiv nq| wWwRUvj Ask cÖvß ‡WUv cÖwµqvKi‡Yi ci gwbUi ev Ab¨ †Kvb AvDUcyU wWfvB‡mi gva¨‡g cÖ`k©b K‡i _v‡K| D`vniY wn‡m‡e nvmcvZv‡j e¨eüZ nvBweªW Kw¤úDUv‡ii K_v D‡jøL Kiv ‡h‡Z cv‡i| ZvQvovI †¶cYv¯¿, b‡fvhvb ivmvqwbK `ª‡e¨i ¸Yv¸Y wbY©q, cigvbyi MVb cÖK…wZ wbY©q BZ¨vw` †¶‡Î nvBweªW Kw¤úDUvi e¨envi n‡q _v‡K |

AvK…wZ I KvR Kivi ¶gZvi wfwˇZ Kw¤úDUvi‡K Pvifv‡M fvM Kiv hvq 1. mycvi Kw¤úDUvi (Super Computer) 2. ‡gBb‡d«g Kw¤úDUvi (Mainframe Computer) 3. wgwb Kw¤úDUvi (Mini Computer) 4. gvB‡µv Kw¤úDUvi (Micro Computer) Kw¤úDUvi mycvi ‡gBb‡d«g gvB‡µv wgwb

gvB‡µv Kw¤úDUvi ( Micro Computer) gvB‡µv Kw¤cDUvi AvKv‡i †ek †QvU| ¶z`ªvK…wZi gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi w`‡q ˆZwi e‡jB G‡K gvB‡µv Kw¤úDUvi e‡j| gvB‡µv Kw¤úDUv‡i wZb ai‡bi wPc i‡q‡Q| 1. gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi (GKwU wPc) 2. †g‡gvwi (KwZcq wPc) I 3. AvB I (GK ev GKvwaK wPc)| gvB‡µv Kw¤úDUvi‡K cv‡m©vbvj Kw¤úDUvi ev ms‡¶‡c wcwm ejv nq| gvB‡µv Kw¤úDUvi wewfbœ ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb: †W¯‹Uc, j¨vcUc, †bvUeyK BZ¨vw`| D`vnviY t ‡cw›Uqvg- 4, †cw›Uqvg-wW, †cw›Uqvg Wyqvj †Kvi, †Kvi- 2 wWI, †Kvi-2 †KvqvW gv‡bi gvB‡µv Kw¤úDUvi cvIqv hvq|

wgwb Kw¤úDUvi ( Mini Computer) wgwb Kw¤úDUvi ˆeÁvwbK I cÖhyw³MZ M‡elYv I we‡køl‡Y, wkí cÖwZôv‡b ev e¨emv cÖwZôv‡b e¨eüZ nq| gvB‡µv Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K wgwb Kw¤úDUvi †ewk ¶gZv m¤úbœ| ZvB G ai‡bi Kw¤úDUv‡i wewfbœ ai‡bi RwUj KvR Kiv hvq| G Kw¤úDUv‡i GKvwaK BbcyU/AvDUcyU hš¿ e¨envi n‡q _v‡K| d‡j GK mv‡_ A‡bK e¨enviKvix KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| wewfbœ bv‡gi wgwb Kw¤úDUvi i‡q‡Q| D`vniY t P DP11, HP 3000, IBM AS/400 BZ¨vw`|

‡gBb‡d«g Kw¤úDUvi ( Mainframe Computer) †gBb‡d«g Kw¤úDUvi wgwb Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K kw³kvjx| G Kw¤úDUv‡i gyj †Kw›`ªq cÖwµqv-KiY BDwbU wnmv‡e e¨eüZ ‡gBb‡d«g Kw¤úDUv‡ii ms‡M A‡bK¸‡jv Uvwg©bvj hy³ _v‡K| d‡j GKB ms‡M A‡bK e¨enviKvix wewfbœ ai‡bi KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB Kw¤úDUv‡i me ai‡bi fvlv e¨eüZ nq| Bnv mvavibZ: AwZ e„nr wkí cÖwZôvb, RwUj ˆeÁvwbK M‡elYv I D”P¯Í‡ii cÖhyw³MZ we‡køl‡Y e¨eüZ nq| D`vniY t I BM S/34, IBM S/36, Nova 3 BZ¨vw`|

mycvi Kw¤úDUvi ( Super Computer) mycvi Kw¤úDUvi me‡P‡q `ªæZ MwZm¤úbœ Kw¤úDUvi| mycvi Kw¤úDUvi †gBb †d«g Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K kw³kvjx| G Kw¤úDUv‡ii gva¨‡g RwUj I wecyj cÖwµqvKiY KvR mgvavb Kiv nq| †hgb AvenvIqv c~e©vfvm, gnvKvkhvb Pvjbv, cÖwZi¶v M‡elYv, wewfbœ Av‡Mœqv¯¿ wWRvBb BZ¨vw` Kv‡R e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K| Av‡gwiKv I Rvcv‡bi A‡bK¸‡jv cÖwZôvb GB mycvi Kw¤úDUvi ‰Zwi K‡i| ZvQvovI fviZ ÒcigÓ bv‡g GKwU mycvi Kw¤úDUvi wb‡RivB ˆZwi K‡i e¨envi Ki‡Q| Cyber-205, CRAYX-MP, CRAY-1, Super-SXII

gyj¨vqb * wWwRUvj Kw¤úDUvi Kv‡K e‡j * wPwKrmv †ÿ‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi Kw¤úDUvi e¨eüZ nq * ‡Kvb cÖKv‡ii Kw¤úDUvi‡K cv‡m©vbvj Kw¤úDUvi e‡j * ÕcigÕ bv‡gi mycvi Kw¤úDUviwU †Kvb †`‡ki

evwoi KvR * Kv‡Ri `ÿZvi wfwˇZ †h Kw¤úDUv‡ii cÖKvi‡f` Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi cÖ‡Z¨KwUi cwiwPwZ wj‡L wb‡q Avm‡e|

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