Geography of China
Location Caused Chinese to think they were at the center of earth Many boundaries Gobi Desert Mongolian and Tibetan Plateaus Himalayas Mountains to southeast Pacific Ocean
Contact with other Civilizations Traded with India and the Middle East via caravans Buddhism brought by travelers from India
Population Over 1.2 Billion People 1/5 of world population Most crowded into eastern 1/3 of country Due to topography for farming Most Chinese are still farmers
Landforms Mountains and Plateaus cover 80 percent of China Most of West Rugged Terrain and Harsh climate bad for farming Leads to scattered population Many Nomads Other 20 percent level land Coastal Plain and River Valleys Only 1/2 good for farming Terrace Farming used
Regions China Divided into Six Regions in Two Categories Heartland North China South China Outlying Regions Northeast Mongolia Xinjiang Xizang
Heartland Stretches from Beijing in North to Vietnam border in South North China Hot Summers, Cold Winters Varying Rainfall Crops: Wheat, Millet Beijing and Tianjin are manufacturing centers
Heartland (contd.) South China Even richer farming and Industrial Region Mild, Humid Climate Crops: Rice, Cotton, Tea, Veggies Region Hilly so people are packed around lakes and River Valleys
Outlying Regions Homes to Diverse Ethnic Groups Rich in Natural Resources Northeast Mongolia Xinjiang Xizang
Northeast Once called Manchuria Ethnic group who lived there and conquered in 1600’s Many resources: Oil, Iron, Aluminum ore, Coal, Lead, Zinc Sparsely populated due to cold climate Govt. offering incentives
Mongolia Lies in the Gobi Desert Harsh Climate Govt. improving irrigation to promote farming
Xinjiang Desert Basin Important oil-producing region Govt. attempting to improve irrigation for production of wheat and cotton Once Isolated now linked to heartland via railroads Home to many non-Chinese people: Muslim Uighurs, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz
Xizang Also known as Tibet Sits among several mountain ranges including Himalayas Much of region is barren and treeless Farming possible in Valleys Taken over in 1950 Govt. attempting to develop rivers for hydroelectric power May also have mineral wealth that could help China in Future Many feel it should be returned to autonomous statehood
Major Rivers 3 have been important since ancient times Used for transportation and irrigation Dangerous to live near because of flooding, but also essential for farming Chinese have developed dikes and canals to control flooding
Huang He (Yellow) River Located in North China emptying into Yellow Sea Name comes from loess, a yellow brown soil found in river Enriches land on banks Also causes terrible flooding Floods bad and good Referred to as “River of Sorrow”
Chang (Yangzi) River Carries much of China’s Trade Port City of Shanghai at its mouth Debate over development of Hydroelectric Plants and Dams on River Power vs. Displacment Common in Chinese govt. projects
Xi Jiang (West) River Flows through South China Lets out at Guangzhou a major port in and for the South Excellent conditions for farming along this river
People 95 percent Han or Ethnic Chinese Other groups live in remote regions Different dialects of Chinese spoken in different areas Mandarin official official language of Government (North China Dialect)