1 Solutions One substance dissolved in another substance

2 Solution is... A Homogenous... Mixture of two or more substances (evenly mixed) NaCl H2OH2OH2OH2O NOT It is a physical change …NOT a chemical change + Salt Water

3 Solution All solutions consist of two parts: Solute Solvent

4 Solute The substance being dissolved. The substance present in the least amount.

5 Solvent The substance doing the dissolving. The substance present in the highest amount.

6 Must a solution be a liquid?

7 No… Air is a solution Sterling silver is a solution It can be gas It can be solid

8 Types of Liquid Solutions Aqueous A solution with water as the solvent Tincture A solution with alcohol as the solvent.

9 Insoluble When a substance cannot be dissolved in a solvent... Oil Water + = Therefore, oil is INSOLUBLE in water.

10 Solubility A measure of how much a solute can be dissolved in a solvent under certain conditions

11 Limits of Solubility Supersaturated Supersaturated …more solute than the solvent can handle. Saturated Saturated … the point that no more solute can be added to the solvent or it will be --- Unsaturated Unsaturated … more solute can be added to the solvent

12 Solubility Graphs saturated Hold all that it can possible hold (at a given temperature) - concentrated Contain less solute than it can hold (at a given temperature) - Diluted More solute then it can hold (at a given temperature)

13 Ionization The formation of ions by the action of a solvent in solution. NaCl (salt) in to Na + + Cl - in water Ions are formed (+ or -)

14 Dissociation Is the process of separating ions during the formation of a solution … the more it dissociates, the stronger it is... Na + OH - Na + OH - Na + OH - Na + OH - Strong Base OH - NH 4 + Weak Base NaOH Na + + OH - OH - NH 4 + NH 3 H2OH2O H2OH2O NH 3 + H 2 O NH OH -

15 Solution Concentration Refers to the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent. Diluted (less) Concentrated (more) 5 grams of salt in 100 grams of Water Dilute VS. 35 grams of salt in 100 grams of water Concentrated 100 g. 5 g 35 g

16 Electrolytes Because dissolved salts have positive and negative ions, they are electrolyte solutions, and conduct electricity Na + Cl - Na + Cl - Na + Cl - Na + Cl - Na + Cl - Na +

17 Effervescence The escape of a gas from a liquid solution

18 Water

19 Common Solvent Water is the most common substance on earth 70% of the earth’s surface 65% of your body mass

20 Polar Molecule Water is a polar molecule This is because of it the position of the hydrogen and oxygen atoms. One side is slightly negative and the other is slightly positive. + -

21 Polar Molecule The charged ends of a polar solvent can separate the charged ends of a polar solute As a general rule: Like Dissolves Like + -

22 Non-polars can only dissolve non-polars (Examples: OIL AND GASOLINE) Solutions End