1. Solutions Homogeneous Solutions

2. Vocabulary Aqueous solution: water that contains dissolved substances Solute: substance being dissolved Solvent: dissolving agent-usually present in larger amount Solution: homogeneous mixture

3. The Solution Process 1. Solvation: The process by which the solute ions break away from the crystal and become surrounded by solvent molecules as the ionic crystal dissolves. Ionic Solid NaCl(s)  Na + (aq) + Cl - (aq) CuCl 2 (s)  Cu 2+ (aq) + 2 Cl - (aq) CaSO 4 (s)  Ca 2+ (aq) + SO 4 2 - (aq) BaBr 2 (s)  Ba 2+ (aq) + 2Br - (aq) K 2 SO 4 (s)  2K + (aq) + SO 4 2- (aq) http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/ vchembook/171solublesalts.html

4. b)Molecular Solids (Like Dissolves Like) C 6 H 12 O 6 (s) → C 6 H 12 O 6 (aq) -Polar dissolves Polar -Non-polar dissolves Non-polar

5. Electrolyte: A substance that conducts in an aqueous solution Non-electrolyte: A substance that does not conduct Strong electrolyte: a substance that conducts well Weak electrolyte: a substance that conducts poorly

6. Solubility Curves Vocabulary: Saturated: solvent is holding the maximum amount of solute = equilibrium Unsaturated: solvent is holding less than the maximum amount of solute Supersaturated: solvent contains more solute that it should = unstable Solubility: grams of solute per 100g solvent that will dissolve in solvent Soluble: solute readily dissolves Insoluble: solute does not dissolve appreciably Solubility Curve: graph of solubility versus temperature Miscible: capable of dissolving to form a homogeneous solution Immiscible: incapable of dissolving http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/106Amixture.html

7. Solubility Relationships 1. Solubility of an ionic solid http://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/ucl views/0803/salt500

8. 2. Solubility of a gas

9. Demonstration: Supersaturated Solution 1. What was added to the test tube? Sodium Thiosulfate Na 2 S 2 O 3.5H 2 O 2. How was the solubility of the solution increased? by heating the solution 3. What happened when a crystal was added to the saturated solution after cooling? What type of solution was created? The solution could not hold that much dissolved solid and it precipitated out Supersaturated Solution