Pre-Industrial Society Farming in the Middle Ages 3 field system Disadvantages No time to experiment Long hours Forces for Change Population Growth Napoleon’s Continental System

Agricultural Revolution Enclosure Movement Landlords fenced in land for scientific farming Crop Rotation Improvement on “three field” system Other Discoveries Jethro Tull’s “Seed Drill” Results More food available Population Increase

Seed Drill

Cottage Industry Merchants Role Capitalism Effects Rising population = Rising Demand Merchants invest in factors of production to earn a profit Capitalism Laissez-Faire Economics Laws of Supply and Demand Effects Big Profits for Merchants Alternative Sources of Income for Peasants

Rise of the Factory Textile Industry Rise of the Factory Effects New Inventions improve efficiency Rise of the Factory New machines too big for homes Factories located next to power sources Effects Prices for textiles/finished products lowers Villagers/Peasants leave to find work in urban factories

Steam Engine Need for Energy How the Steam Engine Works Effects Water , Horses, Oxen primarily used for power James Watt invents Steam Engine How the Steam Engine Works Steam forced from high to low pressure produces power Effects Steam power, used where ever coal existed Increase in textile industry

Iron and Coal Need for Iron Need for Coal Effects of Iron and Coal Increase in need for machines / railway Iron Smelting created steel (more flexible) Need for Coal Carbon necessary for smelting iron Effects of Iron and Coal Mining industry for coal Britain produced more coal and iron than any other nation

Transportation Need for Better Transportation Inventions Increase in trade (movement of goods and resources) Inventions Asphalt Roads The Rocket (First Locomotive) Effects of the Railroad Rapid Expansion Cheaper transportation increased production and profits Increased travel

Why was Britain first to Industrialize? Geography Not apart of continental Europe Resources Government Unified, Stable Social Factors less hierarchical Colonial Empire Gave Natural Resources Advantages Monopoly Keep Secrets