“When France sneezes the whole of Europe catches a cold” Explain how the quote explains Metternich’s demise The Impact of Nationalism on Austria and the Ottoman Empire

Metternich’s Reactionary Philosophy Carlsbad Decrees –Prohibited any reforms that conflicted with absolute monarchy. –Also established censorship of newspaper and espionage systems Congress of Troppau –Organized by Metternich –leaders of this meeting agreed to provide military intervention to support governments against internal revolution.

Austria Nationalism spreads from France –Metternich forced to resign –Emperor Ferdinand abdicates to Francis Joseph I Magyar designs on Nationalism –Spoke Hungarian and had different culture –Why did Russia send troops to aid Austria? Russia fears of the expansion to Poland

Defeat by Prussia 1866 Restored nationalism and desire for independence Pushed by the largest ethnic group _________ Formation of the Dual Monarch –Common ruler (Habsburg ruler was King of Hungary and emperor of Austria) –Economically advantageous (complimentary) –Separate parliaments –Did not resolve nationality disputes Hungary ruled without minority involvement Austria more democratic but discontent continued Destroyed its position of power in Europe –Seeks recovery in the weakened Balkans (Ottomans)

Ottoman Empire The “Sick Man of Europe” –Vast empire, local rule weakened central rule, rising population pressure, slow modernization, declining economy, heavy tax burden Rise of nationalism –Specific to the Balkans –Look on the map on decline of Ottoman Power

Balkan Nationalism Greece independence & Serbian self-government Many others seek independence Other European rulers seek to satisfy their own wants Irony of Russia and Great Britain –Treaty of San Stefano Romania, Serbia, Montenegro - Ind New Boundaries for Bulgaria to give access to Med. –Russia occupies Bulgaria –G.B. and major European powers concerned

How did the Congress of Berlin help G.B. and deflate Russian designs? How did the disintegration of Ottoman control contribute to further nationalist conflicts in the Balkan states?