Generation of Telecom Networks Evolution TCS Internal September 29, 2014

Objective This presentation covers the Generation of Telecom Network Evolution. Basically the presentation aims on the evolution from 1G to 4G and some concepts of 4G. As a beginner to the Telecom world, this presentation will provide foundation for understanding the telecom evolution .

Index Network Evolution Evolution of Transmission Technology 3G Networks 4G Networks General Bit Rates Summary & Discussion Points References

Network Evolution First generation (1G): Analog voice systems No standardization Second Generation (2G): Digital voice systems Currently deployed systems CDMA, GSM (Global System for Mobile communication), PDC (Japan) D-AMPS (Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System) PCS Systems Second Generation – advanced (2.5G): Combining voice and data communications Providing enhanced data rate Two basic technologies: GSM-based (high baud rate) GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) Utilizes voice time slots to send packet traffic An overlay over the existing voice system

Network Evolution Contd.. Third Generation (3G): Digital voice and data communications Developing a more general mobile network Handling Internet access, email, messaging, multimedia Access to any services (voice, video, data, etc.) Requires high quality transmission Forth Generation (4G): All-IP mobile networks Ubiquitous wireless communications Transparent to any services Integrating multinetworks Name T1\E1 SONET/SDH OTN Family 1st 2nd 3rd For Voice non BOD, static Voice non BOD, static Voice video BOD, dynamic MUX TDM E/E/E TDM O/E/O WDM O/O/O Media Copper Copper- Fiber Fiber Capacity Mbit/s Gbit/s Tbit/s Payload Fixed Length Fixed Length Fixed or Variable Protocol $$ No PPP, IP,ATM **** PPP,IP,ATM, MPLS Time Year 1960 1980 1990 2000 ****: Minor support $$: Protocol Interworking

Evolution of Transmission Technology Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (DWDM, 1994) **Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) lower DWDM transmission cost Optical Fiber (late 80s) Higher data rates; longer link lengths Intelligent optical networking (1999) Routing and signaling for optical paths Copper is transmission medium 1st Generation 2nd Generation 3rd Generation Evolution of Transmission Technology 1st Generation: Copper is transmission medium 2nd Generation: Optical Fiber (late 80s) Higher data rates; longer link lengths Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (DWDM, 1994) Fiber exhaust forces DWDM Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) lower DWDM transmission cost 3rd Generation: Intelligent optical networking (1999) Routing and signaling for optical paths

3G Networks Two basic proposals to handle voice and data Ericsson: Universal Mobile Telecommunications systems (UMTS) Compatible with European GSM Backed by ETSI and Japan Qualcom: CDM2000 Not compatible with GSM (cannot hand off called to GSM-based cells) Compatible for IS-95 (supported by U.S) 3G Standards 1999 UMTS took over and an agreement was made over setting some standards A revolutionary technology with unlimited potential or not so great? Major competing technologies Bluetooth Wireless LAN (IEEE 802.x standards) – also known as WiFi Short range wireless communications Highly utilized and very popular: offices, airports, coffee shops, universities and schools Two basic modes of operations: Ad-hoc networking: computers send data to one another Access point:: sending data to the base station

4G Networks Otherwise known as NextG, Beyond 3G, 4G, and more! Motivation Providing all available services to highly mobile people (anytime anywhere) Use your wireless device anywhere for listening to music, shopping (m-commerce) , downloading (file transfer), watching video (live streaming) Multiple applications (talk and use Internet services at the same time) Objectives Total convergence of the wireless mobile and wireless access communications (developing a broadband wireless network) Ubiquitous wireless communications and services Integration of multi-networks using IP technology Similar technology to the wired Internet where users are freed from their local networks All-IP based wireless networks Not just IP end-to-end but over-the-air packet switching Supporting native wireless IP mode Highly integrated High bandwidth / high-speed wireless Highly compatible with wired network infrastructures ATM, IP, ATM

4G Technology Challenges Supporting heterogeneous multitude of systems Includes multiple networks: Cellular telecommunication systems Digital video broadband Digital audio broadband Wireless LAB, Bluethood-based networks Open communication network: infrastructure independent which can access to any services and applications (now and in the future!) Complete compatibility between wireless and wired networks through gateways Supporting statistical multiplexing of heterogeneous data over-the-air Latency, noisy environment, unpredictable discontinuities and loss, etc. High-speed wireless transmission over the air High performance physical layer 20Mbps (2G: 28Kbps, 3G: 2Mbps) Scarce bandwidth availability Efficient frequency spectrum utilization Efficient hand off Dynamic bandwidth allocation Advanced digital transmission technology (modulation, low power devices, etc.)

Signal level Bit rate No. of DS0s General bit rates Signal level Bit rate No. of DS0s DS 1 / T1 1.544 M 24 DS 2 / T2 6.312 M 96 DS 3 / T3 44.736 M 672 E1 2.048 30 E2 8.448 120 E3 34.368 480 E4 139.264 1920

Summary & Discussion Points First generation (1G) : Analog voice systems Second Generation (2G): Digital voice systems Third Generation (3G): Digital voice and data communications Forth Generation (4G): All-IP mobile networks Discussion Points What are various Generations of Networks? What are various generations of transmission systems? What are the challenges in 4G?

References www.slideshare.net/h4ck3dbykhurafati/3-g-and-4g-final-ppt www.staffs.ac.uk/personal/engineering_and_technology/jjc1/.../1G.ppt