T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE R ACHEL G INGERICH, S TRUCTURAL O PTION S ENIOR T HESIS P RESENTATION A PRIL 15, 2008

P RESENTATION O UTLINE R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE A. Building Introduction B. Existing Steel Structural System C. Proposal Introduction D. Depth/Proposed Concrete Structural System E. Construction Management Breadth F. Acoustics Breadth G. Proposal Recommendation

B UILDING S TATISTICS R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE Personal Photo: Taken August 16, 2007 Location: Dover, Delaware Area: 76, 557 SF Height: 93’-0” Stories: 6 total ~Floor to floor height of 14’-0” ~5 floors and a penthouse on the top floor ~ Balconies on 4 th and 5 th floors

B UILDING S TATISTICS R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE Personal Photo: Taken August 16, 2007 Floor Occupancies ~1st-4th Floor: Open Flex Office Spaces ~5 th Floor: “The Outlook Center” Ballroom ~6 th Floor: Management Offices Mechanical Rooms ~Basement: Mechanical Room Electrical Room

B UILDING C ONSTRUCTION R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE Photo by Jackson Architects: Taken July 23, 2003 Overall Project Cost: $10.7 million Additional Tenant Fit-Out Cost: $46,000 Construction Start Date: June 2003 Construction End Date: June 2004 Project Delivery Method: Design-Build

E XISTING F RAMING S YSTEM R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE ~5” concrete on 2” composite metal deck ~24’x27’ typical bays of composite beams and girders

E XISTING L ATERAL S YSTEM R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE ~Steel Moment Frames ~Flange welded/web bolted connections Personal Photo: Taken August 16, 2007

E XISTING L ATERAL S YSTEM R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE North-South Direction Line 4

E XISTING R OOF F RAMING S YSTEM R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE ~Cold formed roof trusses 24” o.c. ~1-1/2” metal roof deck

E XISTING F OUNDATION S YSTEM R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE ~16” dia. augercast piles with pile caps; 85 ton compressive capacity ~24”x24” concrete piers

R EASONS FOR P ROPOSAL ~Two-way flat plate slab found to be comparative to existing in Technical Assignment #2 ~Eliminate moment connections ~Eliminate fireproofing ~Increase mechanical cavity space ~Reduce cost ~Reduce Schedule ~Improve acoustics for ballroom ~Improve acoustics for floors adjacent to the ballroom R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE

~Two-way flat plate slab found to be comparative to existing in Technical Assignment #2 ~Eliminate moment connections ~Eliminate fireproofing ~Increase mechanical cavity space ~Reduce cost ~Reduce Schedule ~Improve acoustics for ballroom ~Improve acoustics for floors adjacent to the ballroom R EASONS FOR P ROPOSAL R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE Change Structural System to Concrete

~Two-way flat plate slab found to be comparative to existing in Technical Assignment #2 ~Eliminate moment connections ~Eliminate fireproofing ~Increase mechanical cavity space ~Reduce cost ~Reduce Schedule ~Improve acoustics for ballroom ~Improve acoustics for floors adjacent to the ballroom R EASONS FOR P ROPOSAL R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE Change Structural System to Concrete Compare Cost & Schedule of Existing vs. Proposed

~Two-way flat plate slab found to be comparative to existing in Technical Assignment #2 ~Eliminate moment connections ~Eliminate fireproofing ~Increase mechanical cavity space ~Reduce cost ~Reduce Schedule ~Improve acoustics for ballroom ~Improve acoustics for floors adjacent to the ballroom R EASONS FOR P ROPOSAL Change Structural System to Concrete R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE Compare Cost & Schedule of Existing vs. Proposed Compare Acoustic Performance of Existing vs. Proposed

P ROPOSED F RAMING S YSTEM R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE ~1 st -4 th Floors: 12” two-way flat slab; #5 12” o.c. each way ~5 th Floor: 14” two-way flat slab; #5 10” o.c. each way

P ROPOSED F RAMING S YSTEM R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE ~6 th Floor: 12” one-way slab with beams; #5 9” o.c. each way

P ROPOSED L ATERAL S YSTEM R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE ~Shear walls replace existing North and South masonry stair towers ~8” thick shear walls with #4 12” o.c. vertical & #4 10” o.c. horizontal Personal Photo: Taken August 16, 2007

P ROPOSED L ATERAL S YSTEM R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE East-West Direction Line A

P ROPOSED L ATERAL S YSTEM R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE East-West Direction Line A7

P ROPOSED L ATERAL S YSTEM R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE North-South Direction Line 4

P ROPOSED R OOF F RAMING S YSTEM R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE ~Light steel framing with open web steel joists ~1-1/2” metal roof deck

~Pile cap configurations controlled by geometry P ROPOSED F OUNDATION S YSTEM R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE

~18” dia. augercast piles with pile caps; 105 ton compressive capacity ~Columns connect directly to pile caps P ROPOSED F OUNDATION S YSTEM R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE

Mechanical Cavity Space Comparison D EPTH C ONCLUSIONS R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE Floor Existing Steel Structural System Proposed Concrete Structural SystemIncrease 1st Floor2'-3"3'-0"9" 2nd Floor2'-3"3'-0"9" 3rd Floor2'-3"3'-0"9" 4th Floor2'-3"3'-0"9" 5th Floor2'-3"2'-10"7" 6th Floor2'-3"2'-6"3"

~Foundations not as dramatically affected as expected ~Moment connections eliminated ~Reduced fireproofing, but did not eliminate ~Increased mechanical cavity space D EPTH C ONCLUSIONS R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE

C OST C OMPARISON R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE MaterialLaborEquipmentTotal $1,530,000$384,000$140,000$2,059,000 Existing System Cost

C OST C OMPARISON R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE MaterialLaborEquipmentTotal $952,000$611,000$96,000$1,664,000 Proposed System Cost

C OST C OMPARISON R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE SystemTotal Existing$2,059,000 Proposed$1,664,000 Difference-$395,000 Existing vs. Proposed Cost Comparison Reduction of Cost by 20%

S CHEDULE C OMPARISON R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE Existing System Schedule Start DateFinish DateDuration (months) Monday, June 2, 2003Friday, December 24, Personal Photo: Taken August 16, 2007

S CHEDULE C OMPARISON R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE Proposed System Schedule Start DateFinish DateDuration (months) Monday, June 2, 2003Wednesday, June 22, Personal Photo: Taken August 16, 2007

Increase of Schedule by 6 months S CHEDULE C OMPARISON R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE Existing vs. Proposed Schedule Comparison SystemDuration (months) Existing18 Proposed24 Difference+6

R EVERBERATION T IME C OMPARISON R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE Existing System Half Occupancy Reverberation Time FrequencyDesired Reverberation Time (s)Actual Reverberation Time (s) 125 Hz Hz Hz FrequencyDesired Reverberation Time (s)Actual Reverberation Time (s) 125 Hz Hz Hz Existing System Full Occupancy Reverberation Time

R EVERBERATION T IME C OMPARISON R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE Proposed System Half Occupancy Reverberation Time FrequencyDesired Reverberation Time (s)Actual Reverberation Time (s) 125 Hz Hz Hz FrequencyDesired Reverberation Time (s)Actual Reverberation Time (s) 125 Hz Hz Hz Proposed System Full Occupancy Reverberation Time

R EVERBERATION T IME C OMPARISON R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE Existing vs. Proposed System Reverberation Time Comparison (based upon full occupancy) Frequency Desired Reverberation Time (s) Existing Reverberation Time (s) Proposed Reverberation Time (s) 125 Hz Hz Hz Increased Reverberation Time

S OUND T RANSMISSION C OMPARISON R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE Existing System Sound Transmission Class Floor SystemFloorsSTC Rating 5" Concrete on 2" Composite Steel DeckAll 3" Reinforced Concrete SlabAll39 Personal Photo: Taken August 16, 2007

S OUND T RANSMISSION C OMPARISON R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE Proposed System Sound Transmission Class Floor SystemFloorsSTC Rating 12" Reinforced Concrete Slab1st-4th, 6th88 14" Reinforced Concrete Slab5th99 Personal Photo: Taken August 16, 2007

S OUND T RANSMISSION C OMPARISON R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE Existing vs. Proposed System Sound Transmission Class (based upon 5 th floor) SystemSTC Rating Existing39 Proposed99 Difference+60 Increase of Sound Transmission Class by 60

S UCCESS OF P ROPOSAL ~Eliminate moment connections R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE 

S UCCESS OF P ROPOSAL ~Eliminate moment connections ~Eliminate fireproofing R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE  

S UCCESS OF P ROPOSAL ~Eliminate moment connections ~Eliminate fireproofing ~Increase mechanical cavity space R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE   

S UCCESS OF P ROPOSAL ~Eliminate moment connections ~Eliminate fireproofing ~Increase mechanical cavity space ~Reduce cost R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE    

S UCCESS OF P ROPOSAL ~Eliminate moment connections ~Eliminate fireproofing ~Increase mechanical cavity space ~Reduce cost ~Reduce Schedule R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE     

S UCCESS OF P ROPOSAL ~Eliminate moment connections ~Eliminate fireproofing ~Increase mechanical cavity space ~Reduce cost ~Reduce Schedule ~Improve acoustics for ballroom R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE      

S UCCESS OF P ROPOSAL ~Eliminate moment connections ~Eliminate fireproofing ~Increase mechanical cavity space ~Reduce cost ~Reduce Schedule ~Improve acoustics for ballroom ~Improve acoustics for floors adjacent to the ballroom R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE       

S UCCESS OF P ROPOSAL ~Eliminate moment connections ~Eliminate fireproofing ~Increase mechanical cavity space ~Reduce cost ~Reduce Schedule ~Improve acoustics for ballroom ~Improve acoustics for floors adjacent to the ballroom R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE       

S UCCESS OF P ROPOSAL ~Eliminate moment connections ~Eliminate fireproofing ~Increase mechanical cavity space ~Reduce cost ~Reduce Schedule ~Improve acoustics for ballroom ~Improve acoustics for floors adjacent to the ballroom R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE       Proposed system not recommended due to increase in schedule. 

T HANK Y OU & C REDITS R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE Owner & General Contractor: Bob Duncan & all The Duncan Center team Structural Engineer: Baker, Ingram & Associates Architect: Jackson Architects Penn State Architectural Engineering Faculty

Q UESTIONS ? R ACHEL G INGERICH S TRUCTURAL O PTION A PRIL 15, 2008 T HE D UNCAN C ENTER D OVER, D ELAWARE